This post brings you the ASSEB Class 12 Political Science Solved Question Paper 2025 (as conducted by AHSEC), based on the official pattern and chapter-wise syllabus. All the answers are written in simple and exam-friendly language, helping students revise fast and smart.
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Included Question Types:
- 1-mark questions (Very Short Answer)
- 2-mark questions
- 4-mark analytical questions
- 6-mark descriptive questions
2025
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Full Marks: 80
(Part-A = 40 + Part-B = 40)
Pass Marks: 24
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
PART-A
(Contemporary
World Politics)
1.
Answer any six from the following questions: 1x6=6
(a) India
is a member state of ASEAN. (Write Yes/ No)
(b)
Who can exercise the ‘veto’ power in the Security Council?
Answer: The
five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France,
Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—can exercise the veto power.
(c)
Which State is the successor of the Soviet Union?
Answer:
Russia is considered to be the only continuing state and successor of the
entire Soviet Union.
(d)
Which country is regarded as the third alternative centre of world power?
Answer:
China.
(e)
Write the full form of SAFTA.
Answer:
South Asian Free Trade Area.
(f)
Which day is celebrated as United Nations’ Day?
Answer: 24
October.
(g)
Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’:
Technology
is an important phenomenon of globalisation.
(h)
What is Greenhouse gas?
Answer:
Greenhouse gases are atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and
nitrous oxide that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global
warming.
(i)
In which year India successfully tested its first nuclear bomb?
Answer: May
18, 1974.
(j)
What is the full form of WTO?
Answer:
World Trade Organization.
2.
Answer any five from the following questions: 2x5=10
(a)
Write the theory of the UN which defines the indigenous people.
Answer: The
United Nations has no official definition of "indigenous peoples".
Instead, the UN has developed a modern understanding based on several criteria:
-
(i)
Self-identification as indigenous at the individual level and acceptance by the
community.
(ii)
Historical continuity with pre-colonial or pre-settler societies.
(iii)
Strong ties to territories and natural resources.
(iv)
Distinctive social, economic or political system.
(v)
Distinctive language, culture and beliefs.
(vi)
Non-dominant group in society.
(vii)
A determination to maintain and reproduce the environments and systems of their
ancestors as distinct peoples and communities.
The
UN emphasises identity rather than strict definition, with self-identification
being a fundamental criterion.
Or
Write
a short note on: Sacred groves in India.
Answer:
Sacred groves in India are forest areas protected by local communities because
of their religious significance. These groves are traditionally considered the
abode of the gods and are the site of rituals and festivals. Activities such as
hunting and logging are usually strictly prohibited, helping to preserve rare
flora and fauna. There are about 14,000 sacred groves across India, although
the actual number may be much higher. They play an important role in
biodiversity conservation and cultural heritage.
(b)
Mention any two countries in South of India who are the members of SAARC.
Answer: Two
countries located south of India that are members of SAARC:-
(i)
Sri Lanka
(ii)
Maldives
(c)
Write two causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Answer: The
two major reasons for the dissolution of the Soviet Union are:-
(i)
Economic weakness: Persistent economic problems, shortages of consumer goods,
and the burden of military and satellite state expenditure led to widespread
discontent.
(ii)
Rise of nationalism: Growing nationalist movements in various republics,
especially the more prosperous ones, led to demands for independence and
ultimately to the dissolution of the USSR.
(d)
What is meant by South Asia?
Answer:
South Asia is a subregion of Asia that includes the Indo-Gangetic Plain and
peninsular India. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives are also often
considered part of South Asia. The term is often synonymous with the
"Indian subcontinent".
(e)
Mention two causes for the failure of stable democracy in Pakistan.
Answer: Two
reasons for the failure of stable democracy in Pakistan are:-
(i)
Dominance of the military and elite: Frequent military coups and the influence
of the military and landowning elite have undermined elected governments.
(ii)
Conflict with India: Ongoing tensions with India have empowered military and
paramilitary groups, who argue that democracy can threaten national security.
(f)
Write the permanent member nations of the Security Council.
Answer: The
permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are:-
(i)
China
(ii)
France
(iii)
Russia
(iv)
United Kingdom
(v)
United States
3.
Answer any three from the following questions: 4x3=12
(a)
Write two arguments in favour of and two arguments against Globalisations.
Answer:
Arguments in favour of
Globalisation:
- It helps in the free flow of goods,
services, and ideas between countries.
- It creates more job opportunities and
improves the economy.
Arguments
against Globalisation:
- It increases the gap between the rich
and the poor.
- It harms local industries due to foreign
competition.
(b)
What is the necessity of an International Organisation in the world? Explain
its role.
Answer:
International
Organisations are needed to bring peace and cooperation among countries. They
solve global problems that cannot be handled by one country alone.
Role
of International Organisations:
- They help in solving disputes between
countries peacefully.
- They promote trade, health, education,
and development in different parts of the world.
(c)
Identify the causes of conflict between India and China and suggest your
solutions.
Answer:
Causes of conflict between India
and China:
- Border disputes, especially in Arunachal
Pradesh and Ladakh.
- China's growing influence in South Asia
and support to Pakistan.
Suggested
Solutions:
- Both countries should continue peaceful
talks to solve border issues.
- Strengthen trade and cultural relations
to build mutual trust.
Or
Write
a note on the European Union.
Answer:
The
European Union (EU) is a group of European countries that work together for
economic and political cooperation. It was formed after World War II to bring
peace and unity.
- It has its own currency (Euro), and a
common market.
- The EU plays an important role in global
trade, climate change, and human rights protection.
(d)
What is the Balance of Power? How can a country maintain this balance?
Answer: Balance of Power means a
condition where no single country becomes too powerful to dominate others.
A
country can maintain this balance by:
- Forming alliances with other countries.
- Developing strong defence and economy.
(e)
How is the relationship between India and Nepal?
Answer: India and Nepal share a strong
historical, cultural, and religious relationship.
- There is free movement of people and
goods across the border.
- They cooperate in trade, education, and
infrastructure.
However,
sometimes small border disputes create tension, but both countries try to solve
them peacefully.
4.
Answer any two from the following questions: 6×2=12
(a)
What is the stand of India on environmental issues?
Answer:
India supports both development and environmental protection.
India believes that developed countries are more responsible for pollution and
they should help developing countries like India with technology and funds.
- India signed many international
agreements like the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol.
- India promotes sustainable
development, use of renewable energy, and encourages afforestation.
- India also takes steps like banning
single-use plastic and promoting electric vehicles.
- But at the same time, India focuses on
growth and poverty removal, which sometimes causes environmental
challenges.
Or
What
is the relationship between the rights of indigenous people and the
environment? Discuss briefly.
Answer:
Indigenous people live close to nature and depend on forests, land, and water
for their survival.
- Their culture, religion, and traditions
are deeply connected to nature.
- They protect the environment by using
natural resources carefully and respectfully.
- But today, their lands are being taken
away for mining, dams, and industries, which harms both them and the
environment.
So, protecting their rights also helps in protecting the environment.
(b)
What is Shock Therapy? Is this the best way for transition from socialism to
capitalism?
Answer:
Shock Therapy was a sudden shift from socialist economy to capitalist
economy in countries like Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.
- It included ending government control,
allowing private business, and opening the market to the world.
- It caused a lot of problems like
unemployment, poverty, rise in prices, and increase in crime.
- Many people suffered because of the fast
change.
So, Shock
Therapy was not the best way. A slow and planned change would have been
better to protect the economy and the people.
(c)
What is human security? Discuss briefly.
Answer:
Human
security means protecting people from things like poverty, disease, violence,
and natural disasters.
- It is not just about protecting borders,
but also about making sure people live safe and healthy lives.
- It includes food security, health
care, education, freedom from violence, and a clean
environment.
- The United Nations supports human
security through its development and peace programs.
In
short, human security focuses on the well-being of people, not just the
safety of a country.
PART-B
(Politics
in India Since Independence)
5.
Answer any six from the following questions: 1×6=6
(a) In which year Bharatiya
Janata Party was formed?
Answer:
1980
(b) Which Party won the 1977
General Election?
Answer:
Janata Party
(c) Which princely state
conducted an election on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise for the first
time?
Answer:
Travancore
(d) Who was the Prime
Minister of India after Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru?
Answer:
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(e) From which year the
first Five Year Plan was started?
Answer:
1951
(f) What is the full form of
EVM?
Answer:
Electronic Voting Machine
(g) Who was the chief
architect of India’s foreign policy?
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru
(h) When was Sikkim merged
with India?
Answer:
1975
(i) Who was the first
non-Congress Prime Minister of India?
Answer:
Morarji Desai
(j) When was the Assam
Movement organised on foreigners’ issues?
Answer:
1979
6.
Answer any five from the following questions: 2x5=10
(a)
Explain the concept of ‘whip’.
Answer: A ‘whip’ is an order
given by a political party to its members in the legislature to vote in a
particular way. It helps maintain party discipline during voting in Parliament
or Assembly.
(b)
Write a short note on: White Revolution
Answer: The White Revolution
was started by Dr. Verghese Kurien to increase milk production in India. It
made India the largest milk producer in the world and improved the dairy
industry.
(c)
On which date the draft of the Indian Constitution was signed and it came into
force?
Answer: The draft of the
Indian Constitution was signed on 26 November 1949 and it came into force on 26
January 1950.
(d)
Mention two objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy?
Answer:
- To keep India independent in world
politics and not join any military group (Non-Alignment).
- To promote peace and friendly relations
with other countries.
(e)
Write a note on NDA.
Answer: NDA stands for
National Democratic Alliance. It is a coalition of political parties in India
led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was formed in 1998 to contest
elections together and form the central government.
(f)
Why was the State Reorganisation Commission set up?
Answer: The State
Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 to examine the demand for
reorganization of states based on language and culture. It helped in the
creation of new states and better administration.
7.
Answer any three from the following questions: 4x3=12
(a)
How did the fourth General Elections in 1967 change the dynamics of Indian
politics?
Answer: The 1967 General
Elections brought big changes to Indian politics. For the first time, the
Congress party faced strong opposition and lost power in many states. It was
the end of Congress’s one-party dominance. Non-Congress governments were formed
in states like Punjab, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. This election started the
era of coalition politics and regional parties began to grow
stronger.
(b)
Write four features of India’s coalition government.
Answer:
- Coalition government is formed when no
single party gets a clear majority.
- Different political parties come
together to form a government.
- The government runs with mutual
agreement and shared responsibilities.
- It often requires compromise and
adjustment among the parties.
(c)
How can the problem of Regionalism be solved?
Answer:
- By ensuring fair development of all
regions.
- Giving more autonomy and respect to
local languages and cultures.
- Encouraging national unity while
respecting regional identity.
- Solving local problems through proper
representation and dialogue.
Or
Give
a brief note on Jammu-Kashmir.
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state that joined India in 1947. It had special
status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. The region faced
conflict due to Pakistan's interference and local separatist movements. In
2019, Article 370 was removed, and Jammu & Kashmir became a Union
Territory. The government now focuses on peace and development in the region.
(d)
What were the causes for mid-term election in 1980?
Answer: The
Janata Party, which came to power in 1977, was made up of many different
groups. These groups had internal conflicts and disagreements. Due to lack of
unity, the government became weak and failed to deliver promises. As a result,
the government collapsed, and fresh elections were held in 1980.
Or
Who
announced the Twenty Point Programme and why?
Answer: The Twenty Point
Programme was announced by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975. The aim
was to reduce poverty, control inflation, and improve living conditions of poor
people. It focused on land reforms, rural development, employment, and justice
for weaker sections of society.
(e)
What is Green Revolution? Discuss the economic and political outcome of Green
Revolution.
Answer: The Green Revolution
was a movement in the 1960s to increase food grain production in India using
modern methods like high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation.
Economic
outcomes:
- It increased agricultural production,
especially in wheat and rice.
- It made India self-sufficient in food.
- Farmers in Punjab, Haryana, and western
UP became richer.
Political
outcomes:
- It increased the importance of farmers
in politics.
- It led to regional inequality, as only
some states benefited more.
- It gave rise to demands for more support
to farmers and rural areas.
8.
Answer any two from the following questions: 6x2=12
(a)
When was the Bharatiya Jana Sangh formed? Discuss its ideologies.
Answer:
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee.
Its main ideologies were:
- To build India as a strong and united
nation based on Hindu culture.
- To oppose special rights or separate
laws for any one community (like Muslims).
- To support the idea of one nation,
one law, and one culture.
- It wanted to remove Article 370, which
gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir.
The party later became part of the Janata Party and after that, its members formed the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1980.
Or
Analyse
comparatively about the nature of Congress dominance in India.
Answer:
After independence, the Congress party became the most dominant party in India.
- It led the freedom struggle, so
people trusted it.
- It had strong leaders like Nehru, Patel,
and others who helped in nation building.
- In the first few decades, it won most
elections and ruled at the Centre and in many states.
- Congress dominance was based on
democratic support, not dictatorship.
However, after 1967, regional parties started growing, and Congress started facing challenges. Still, its early dominance played a major role in shaping Indian democracy.
(b)
What are the main considerations of the merger of the Princely State with
United India? Who played a historical role in it?
Answer:
At the time of independence, India had around 565 princely states. The main
considerations for their merger were:
- To create a strong and united country.
- To remove differences in administration
between princely states and British provinces.
- To maintain national security and
integrity.
Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel, the then Home Minister, played a historic
role in this process. He convinced most rulers to join India peacefully. He
used diplomacy, persuasion, and in some cases, force (like in Hyderabad
and Junagadh) to merge the states into the Indian Union.
(c)
What is Foreign Policy? Explain briefly.
Answer:
Foreign Policy is the strategy used by a country to manage its relations with
other countries. It includes decisions about war, peace, trade, treaties, and
international cooperation.
India’s
foreign policy is based on:
- Peaceful co-existence
- Respect for all nations
- Non-alignment
– not joining any military group
- Supporting the United Nations and
world peace
The
aim of foreign policy is to protect a country’s interests and promote its
values in the world.
Or
Write
a note on non-alignment in India’s foreign policy.
Answer:
Non-alignment means not joining any military alliance like NATO (led by the
USA) or the Warsaw Pact (led by the USSR) during the Cold War.
India
followed the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) started by leaders like Jawaharlal
Nehru, Tito, and Nasser.
India chose this path to:
- Keep its independence in international
matters
- Focus on peace and development
- Support newly independent countries
- Avoid becoming a tool of powerful
nations
Non-alignment
helped India to stay neutral and raise its voice on global issues like
disarmament and decolonisation.
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🔍 Why
This Solved Paper Is Helpful:
> Prepared from official
AHSEC pattern
> Covers both Part A (Contemporary World Politics) and Part B (Politics in
India Since Independence)
> Easy-to-remember points and exam-ready format
> Useful for last-minute revision and self-study
> Can be used by teachers for model answers
Final
Words:
The AHSEC Class 12 Political Science Solved Question Paper 2025 is your complete companion for scoring high in the board exams. Whether you're revising key concepts or practicing for full marks, this solved paper will guide you with accurate, exam-ready answers. If you found this helpful, don’t forget to share it with your friends and classmates. All the best for your HS 2nd Year Political Science Exam!
