Environmental Education Solved Question Paper 2022
AHSEC Class 11 Question Paper
Full Marks: 30
Time: 1 hour.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. (a) Answer in short (any five): 1x5=5
(1) Define biodiversity.
Ans: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity within species.
(2) Which day is observed as the ‘World Environment Day’?
Ans: World Environment Day is observed on June 5th every year.
(3) What is the name of the solid mantle of the earth?
Ans: The solid mantle of the earth is called the lithosphere
(4) Write the full form of NDRF.
Ans: NDRF stands for National Disaster Response Force.
(5) Write the name of a biosphere reserve of Assam.
Ans: Kaziranga Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in Assam.
(6) What is a food web?
Ans: A food web is a diagram that shows the complex network of feeding relationships within an ecosystem, including producers, consumers, and decomposers.
(7) Give an example of one lotic aquatic ecosystem.
Ans: A river or stream is an example of a lotic aquatic ecosystem.
(8) What do you mean by climate change?
Ans: Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and weather events, that are caused by human activity such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
(b) Fill in the blanks (any three): 1x3=3
(1) Uranium is a non-renewable energy resource.
(2) Cholera is a water-borne disease.
(3) Tiger is a top-level consumer of ecosystem.
(4) Frog is a secondary level consumer of ecosystem.
(5) ‘The First Decade of Action for Road Safety’ is 2011-2020.
2. Write short accounts of (any five): 2x5=10
(a) Food chain: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which energy and nutrients pass as one organism eats another. At the base of the food chain are producers, such as plants, which make their own food through photosynthesis. Herbivores consume the producers, and predators consume the herbivores, forming a chain of energy transfer.
(b) Acid rain: Acid rain is a type of rain that is more acidic than normal, caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels. Acid rain can have harmful effects on the environment, including damage to forests, lakes, and aquatic ecosystems.
(c) Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat from the sun, leading to a warming effect on the planet. However, human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming.
(d) Ex situ conservation: Ex situ conservation refers to the conservation of species outside their natural habitats, such as in zoos, botanical gardens, or captive breeding programs. This can help prevent the extinction of species and provide opportunities for research and education.
(e) Sources of sound pollution: Sound pollution can come from a variety of sources, including transportation noise (such as cars and airplanes), industrial activities, construction, and loud music or events.
(f) Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as the entire planet, and they provide important ecological services, such as water purification and nutrient cycling.
(g) The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is a law in India that provides protection to wild animals and plants and regulates their hunting, trade, and transportation. The act also establishes protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, to conserve wildlife and their habitats.
(h) Causes of threats to biodiversity: Threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. These human activities can lead to a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, with implications for human well-being and the planet's ecological balance.
3. Define and distinguish (any four): (2+1) x 4=12
1. Producer and Consumer:
Producer: A producer is an organism that produces its food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Producers are at the base of the food chain and provide energy for the entire ecosystem.
Consumer: A consumer is an organism that feeds on other organisms for its food. Consumers can be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores.
2.Lithosphere and Hydrosphere:
Lithosphere: The lithosphere is the solid outermost layer of the earth, which includes the earth's crust and uppermost mantle.
Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere is the part of the earth's surface, which includes all the water bodies, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.
3.Pollutant and Pollution:
Pollutant: A pollutant is any substance that is introduced into the environment and causes harm to living organisms, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.
Pollution: Pollution is the presence of harmful substances or pollutants in
the environment, which can cause harm to living organisms and affect the ecosystem.
4.Renewable and Non-renewable resources:
Renewable resources: Renewable resources are those resources that can be replenished naturally or through human intervention, such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energy.
Non-renewable resources: Non-renewable resources are those resources that cannot be replenished or renewed once they are used up, such as fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
5.Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable wastes:
Biodegradable wastes: Biodegradable wastes are those wastes that can be broken down naturally by microorganisms, such as food waste, paper, and wood.
Non-biodegradable wastes: Non-biodegradable wastes are those wastes that cannot be broken down naturally, such as plastic, glass, and metals.
6.Road marking and Zebra crossing:
Road marking: Road markings are the lines and symbols on the road that provide information to drivers, such as lanes, direction, and warnings.
Zebra crossing: A zebra crossing is a pedestrian crossing marked with black and white stripes, which provide a safe crossing point for pedestrians.
AHSEC Class 11 Environmental Education Solved Question Paper'2022
7.Atmosphere and Biosphere:
Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surround the earth and provide a protective shield from harmful radiation and meteorites.
Biosphere: The biosphere is the part of the earth's surface and atmosphere, which includes all living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
4. Answer the following questions (any two): 5x2=10
(a) Describe the various air pollutants.
Ans: Pollutants are substances in the air that can have harmful effects on human health, the environment, and climate. Some common air pollutants include:
Particulate matter (PM): Tiny particles in the air, such as dust, dirt, soot, and smoke, that can be inhaled and cause respiratory problems.
Ozone (O3): A reactive gas formed by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, that can cause respiratory problems and damage crops.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, that can cause respiratory problems and contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2): A gas produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, that can cause respiratory problems and contribute to the formation of acid rain.
Carbon monoxide (CO): A toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, that can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea.
(b) Write a few importances of health and hygiene.
Ans: Health and hygiene are important for maintaining good health and preventing the spread of diseases. Some benefits of health and hygiene practices include:
1.Reducing the risk of illness and disease transmission
2.Improving overall well-being and quality of life
3.Enhancing productivity and performance
4.Reducing healthcare costs and burden on healthcare systems
5.Promoting social and environmental responsibility.
(c) What do you mean by global warming? Mention two consequences of global warming.
Ans: Global warming refers to the long-term increase in the Earth's average surface temperature, primarily caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases trap heat from the sun, which causes the Earth's temperature to rise.
Two consequences of global warming are:
1.Melting of glaciers and ice caps: As the Earth's temperature continues to rise, glaciers and ice caps are melting at an alarming rate. This causes sea levels to rise, which can lead to coastal flooding and the loss of habitats for wildlife and plants. This can also have significant impacts on human settlements and infrastructure along the coastlines.
2.Changes in weather patterns: Global warming can cause changes in weather patterns, leading to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and storms. These events can have significant impacts on human health, agriculture, and infrastructure. For example, droughts can lead to crop failures and food shortages, while floods and storms can cause significant damage to homes, businesses, and infrastructure.
(d) What are the major causes of deforestation in Northeast India?
Ans: Deforestation is a significant environmental issue in Northeast India. The region is rich in forests, which are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. However, various factors have led to deforestation in this region. Some of the major causes of deforestation in Northeast India are:
Shifting cultivation: Shifting cultivation or 'jhum' cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice followed in Northeast India. In this practice, forests are cleared, burned, and cultivated for a few years before being abandoned for another plot. The abandoned land is then left to regenerate naturally. However, the increasing population and demand for agricultural land have led to a significant expansion of shifting cultivation, leading to deforestation.
Mining and Industrialization: Northeast India is rich in mineral resources such as coal, limestone, and oil. The mining of these resources has led to the clearing of vast tracts of forests. Industrialization, such as the establishment of power plants and factories, has also led to the clearance of forests for infrastructure development.
Timber extraction: The demand for timber and other forest products has led to deforestation in Northeast India. Illegal logging and timber extraction have contributed significantly to the depletion of forests.
Hydroelectric projects: Northeast India is home to several large hydroelectric projects that have led to the clearing of forests for the construction of dams and reservoirs.
Forest fires: Forest fires, both natural and human-made, are a significant cause of deforestation in Northeast India. During the dry season, fires can quickly spread and destroy large areas of forest.
In conclusion, deforestation in Northeast India is caused by various factors such as shifting cultivation, mining and industrialization, timber extraction, hydroelectric projects, and forest fires. The loss of forests has significant environmental implications, including soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Efforts are needed to conserve and restore forests in the region to ensure a sustainable future.
H.S 1 First year Environmental Education Solved Question Paper'2022
(e) Write the role of students in disaster management.
Ans: Students play a vital role in disaster management. They are not only the future citizens but also active members of the community who can make a significant difference in responding to disasters. Here are some roles that students can play in disaster management:
Raising awareness: Students can create awareness about disaster management among their peers, family, and the wider community. They can participate in awareness campaigns, organize seminars and workshops, and distribute educational materials to raise awareness about disaster management.
Preparing emergency kits: Students can prepare emergency kits with essential items such as food, water, first aid, and other necessary supplies. These kits can be kept in schools or homes and can be used in case of emergencies.
Assisting in rescue operations: During a disaster, students can assist in rescue operations by helping in the evacuation of people, providing first aid, and working with relief agencies.
Providing support to affected people: Students can provide support to affected people by donating clothes, food, and other necessary items. They can also organize fundraising events to support relief efforts.
Advocating for disaster management policies: Students can advocate for policies that promote disaster management and preparedness. They can work with local authorities to ensure that the necessary infrastructure and resources are available to respond to disasters effectively.
In conclusion, students have a critical role to play in disaster management. By raising awareness, preparing emergency kits, assisting in rescue operations, providing support to affected people, and advocating for disaster management policies, students can help to minimize the impact of disasters and contribute to building more resilient communities.
(f) Write about the national conservation strategies.
Ans: National conservation strategies are plans developed by countries to conserve their natural resources, protect biodiversity, and promote sustainable development. These strategies typically involve a range of measures, including policies, programs, and regulations, aimed at conserving natural resources and reducing the negative impacts of human activities on the environment.
Some examples of national conservation strategies are:
National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs): These are plans developed by countries to conserve their biodiversity and promote sustainable development. NBSAPs typically include measures to protect and restore ecosystems, conserve endangered species, promote sustainable use of natural resources, and raise public awareness about biodiversity.
National Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: These are plans developed by countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise, changes in weather patterns, and increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events. National climate change adaptation strategies typically include measures to enhance resilience to climate change, such as improving water management, protecting coastal areas, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
National Forest Strategies: These are plans developed by countries to conserve their forests and promote sustainable forest management. National forest strategies typically include measures to protect forest ecosystems, promote sustainable use of forest resources, and reduce deforestation and forest degradation.
National Marine Conservation Strategies: These are plans developed by countries to conserve their marine ecosystems and promote sustainable use of marine resources. National marine conservation strategies typically include measures to protect marine habitats and species, promote sustainable fishing practices, and reduce pollution and other human impacts on marine ecosystems.
National Waste Management Strategies: These are plans developed by countries to manage their waste and promote sustainable waste management practices. National waste management strategies typically include measures to reduce waste generation, promote recycling and reuse of materials, and safely dispose of hazardous waste.
Overall, national conservation strategies play an important role in promoting sustainable development and protecting the environment. By developing and implementing effective conservation strategies, countries can help to ensure that their natural resources are conserved for future generations