Dibrugarh University, located in Dibrugarh, Assam, is one of the prominent educational institutions in Northeast India. It offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses to students across various disciplines. The Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) program at Dibrugarh University is highly regarded for its comprehensive curriculum and focus on practical applications in the business world. In this article, we will explore the Dibrugarh University BCom 4th Sem Computer Applications in Business Solved Question Paper for the year 2022, Computer Applications in Business Solved Question paper 2022 DU in pdf shedding light on its importance and the Questions asked in Examinations.
Computer Applications in Business Solved Question Paper 2022
Dibrugarh University BCOM 4th Sem Solved Question Paper
4 SEM TDC CAB (CBCS) C 410
2022 (June/July)
COMMERCE (Core)
(Computer Applications in Business)
Full Marks: 80
Pass Marks: 32
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Fill in the blanks/Answer (in one word or one sentence each): 1×5=5
(a) The intersection of a row and a column in MS-Excel is known as Cell.
(b) One difference between copy and cut is Copy creates a duplicate while cut moves the selected content.
(c) The full form of DDL is Data Definition Language.
(d) Define the word ‘query’.
Ans: A request for information from a database.
(e) When we click on the file tab, the Backstage view appears on the screen.
2. Answer any five in brief: 2×5=10
(a) Write the differences between Formulas and Functions in MS-Excel.
Ans:- Differences between Formulas and Functions in MS-Excel:
1. Syntax: Formulas are user-defined equations that perform calculations on data in Excel, typically using mathematical operators and cell references. Functions, on the other hand, are predefined formulas provided by Excel that perform specific calculations or actions. Functions have a predefined syntax that must be followed, whereas formulas can be customized based on the user's requirements.
2. Reusability: Functions are designed to be reusable, meaning they can be used multiple times within a worksheet or across different worksheets and workbooks. Formulas, on the other hand, are specific to the cell in which they are entered and cannot be easily reused in other locations without modification.
(b) Explain entities and attributes.
Ans:- Entities and attributes:
In the context of databases, entities and attributes are fundamental concepts used in data modeling.
An entity represents a distinct object or concept in the real world that we want to store information about. It can be a physical object (e.g., a customer, a product) or a concept (e.g., an order, an invoice). Entities are usually represented as tables in a database, with each row representing a specific instance or occurrence of the entity.
Attributes, on the other hand, are the characteristics or properties of an entity. They describe the specific details or information we want to store about the entity. For example, a "customer" entity may have attributes like "customer ID," "name," "address," and "email." Attributes are represented as columns in the entity's table, with each cell holding the specific value for that attribute for a given entity instance.
(c) What are the database reports?
Ans:- Database reports:
Database reports are structured presentations of data extracted from a database. They provide a way to present information in a formatted and organized manner, making it easier to understand and analyze the data. Reports can include various elements such as tables, charts, graphs, summaries, and visual representations.
The purpose of database reports is to provide meaningful insights, summaries, and analyses based on the data stored in the database. They can be used for various purposes, including managerial reporting, business analysis, performance tracking, and decision-making. Database reports often involve querying the database to retrieve specific data, applying filters, sorting, grouping, and performing calculations to generate the desired output.
(d) Write the applications of MS-Word.
Ans:- Applications of MS-Word:
Microsoft Word is a versatile word processing software that can be used in various applications, including:
1. Document Creation: MS-Word is primarily used for creating, editing, and formatting documents such as letters, resumes, reports, memos, and essays. It provides tools for text formatting, page layout, headers and footers, tables, and graphics, making it easy to create professional-looking documents.
2. Collaboration: MS-Word allows multiple users to collaborate on a document simultaneously. It provides features like track changes, comments, and version history, enabling users to review, edit, and provide feedback on shared documents.
3. Desktop Publishing: With its advanced formatting and layout options, MS-Word can be used for basic desktop publishing tasks such as designing newsletters, brochures, flyers, and even small booklets.
(e) Write the differences between Delete and Truncate.
Ans:- Differences between Delete and Truncate:
1. Operation: "Delete" and "Truncate" are both SQL commands used to remove data from database tables, but they differ in their operations.
The "DELETE" command is used to remove specific rows from a table based on certain conditions, allowing for selective deletion. On the other hand, the "TRUNCATE" command is used to remove all rows from a table, effectively resetting the table to its initial state. Truncate is a faster operation as it doesn't log individual row deletions, but it cannot be selectively applied like delete.
2. Transactional Impact: When using the "DELETE" command, each deletion operation is logged and can be rolled back within a transaction. This means that if an error occurs or if the deletion is not intended, the changes can be undone. In contrast, the "TRUNCATE" command is not logged as individual deletions, and it cannot be rolled back within a transaction. Once a table is truncated, the data is permanently removed, and recovery is not possible within the database.
(f) Write any two advantages of nested queries.
Ans:- Advantages of nested queries:
1. Simplify complex queries: Nested queries, also known as subqueries, allow you to break down complex queries into smaller, more manageable parts. By nesting one query inside another, you can tackle complex conditions, aggregations, or joins in a step-by-step manner, making the overall query easier to understand and maintain.
2. Enhanced data retrieval flexibility: Nested queries provide greater flexibility in data retrieval by allowing you to retrieve data from multiple tables based on various conditions and relationships. You can use the results of one query as a condition or filter for another, enabling more advanced and customized data retrieval.
(g) Mention the various objects that can be inserted in PowerPoint presentation.
Ans:- Objects that can be inserted in PowerPoint presentation:
PowerPoint presentations can include various objects to enhance visual representation and engage the audience. Some common objects that can be inserted in a PowerPoint presentation are:
1. Text: You can add text boxes to include titles, subtitles, bullet points, and other textual content in your slides.
2. Images: PowerPoint allows you to insert images, including photos, illustrations, icons, and logos, to support and enhance your presentation.
3. Shapes and Icons: You can add shapes, such as rectangles, circles, arrows, and lines, to create diagrams, flowcharts, or emphasize specific elements.
3. Write the syntax to perform the following functions in SQL: 2×5=10
(a) Select.
(b) Delete.
(c) ORDER BY clause.
(d) Create table.
(e) Insert values into tables.
Ans:- (a) Select:
The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from a database.
Syntax:
sql
SELECT column1, column2,...
FROM table_name;
We can replace column1, column2, ... with the specific column names you want to select or use * to select all columns. Replace table_name with the name of the table from which you want to retrieve data.
Example:
sql
SELECT * FROM employees;
(b) Delete:
The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records from a database table.
Syntax:
sql
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Replace table_name with the name of the table from which you want to delete records. Use the WHERE clause to specify the condition for deleting specific records. If the WHERE clause is omitted, all records in the table will be deleted.
Example:
sql
DELETE FROM customers WHERE customer_id = 1;
(c) ORDER BY clause:
The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns.
Syntax:
sql
SELECT column1, column2,...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1 [ASC|DESC];
Replace column1 with the column you want to sort by. Use ASC for ascending order (default) or DESC for descending order.
Example:
sql
SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY price DESC;
(d) Create table:
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database.
Syntax:
sql
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
...
);
Replace table_name with the name you want to give to the new table. Specify the column names and their datatypes within parentheses.
Example:
sql
CREATE TABLE customers (
customer_id INT,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(100)
);
(e) Insert values into tables:
The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records into a table.
Syntax:
sql
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)
VALUES (value1, value2, ...);
Replace table_name with the name of the table where you want to insert the values. Specify the column names within parentheses, followed by the corresponding values.
Example:
sql
INSERT INTO customers (customer_id, first_name, last_name, email)
VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com');
Or
Write the syntax to perform the following functions in MS-Excel:
(a) VLOOKUP.
(b) HLOOKUP.
(c) Declining balance method.
(d) Square root.
(e) Average of values in a field of database list.
Ans: VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup. As the name specifies, VLOOKUP is a built-in Excelfunction that helps you look for a specified value by searching for it vertically across the sheet.
The formula of VLOOKUP==VLOOKUP(lookup value, range containing the lookup value, the column number in the range containing the return value, Approximate match (TRUE) or Exact match (FALSE)).
(b) HLOOKUP.
Ans: HLOOKUP Searches for a value in the top row of a table or an array of values, and then returns a value in the same column from a row you specify in the table or array.
The formula of HLOOKUP is =HLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, row_index_number, [range_lookup])
(c) Declining balance method.
Ans: Syntax of DB = (cost, salvage, life, period, [month])
The DB function syntax has the following arguments:
a) CostRequired. The initial cost of the asset.
b) SalvageRequired. The value at the end of the depreciation (sometimes called the salvage value of the asset).
c) LifeRequired. The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the asset).
d) PeriodRequired. The period for which you want to calculate the depreciation. Period must use the same units as life.
e) MonthOptional. The number of months in the first year. If month is omitted, it is assumed to be 12.
(d) Square root.
Ans: The Microsoft Excel SQRT function returns the square root of a number.
The syntax for the SQRT function in Microsoft Excel is: SQRT (Number).
(e) Average of values in a field of database list.
Ans: The Excel AVERAGE function will calculate the average (arithmetic mean) for a specified set of numbers in an Excel spreadsheet.
Average Function Syntax =AVERAGE (number1, [number2], …)
The AVERAGE function has the following arguments
1. Number1 – Required. The first number, cell reference, or range for which you want to calculate the average.
2. Number2 – Optional. Additional numbers, cell references, or ranges for which you want to calculate the average. The max count is 255.
4. Write the steps to perform the following in MS-Word 2010: 3×4=12
(a) To use bullets and numbering.
Ans:- (a) To use bullets and numbering in MS Word 2010:
1. Open MS Word 2010.
2. Type or select the text you want to apply bullets or numbering to.
3. Select the text by highlighting it.
4. On the Home tab in the Ribbon, locate the Paragraph group.
5. In the Paragraph group, you will find the Bullets and Numbering buttons.
6. To apply bullets, click on the Bullets button, and a bullet list will be applied to the selected text.
7. To apply numbering, click on the Numbering button, and a numbered list will be applied to the selected text.
8. You can choose different bullet or numbering styles by clicking on the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets or Numbering buttons.
9. To customize the bullet or numbering format, click on the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets or Numbering buttons and select "Define New Bullet" or "Define New Number Format."
10. A dialog box will open, allowing you to choose different bullet or numbering styles, fonts, symbols, and other formatting options.
11. Once you have selected the desired formatting, click "OK" to apply it to the selected text.
(b) To change case of a sentence.
Ans:- To change the case of a sentence in MS Word 2010:
1. Open MS Word 2010.
2. Type or select the sentence you want to change the case of.
3. Select the sentence by highlighting it.
4. On the Home tab in the Ribbon, locate the Font group.
5. In the Font group, you will find the "Change Case" button represented by an uppercase and lowercase "A" with an arrow.
6. Click on the "Change Case" button, and a drop-down menu will appear.
7. From the drop-down menu, choose the desired case option:
- Sentence case: Capitalizes the first letter of the sentence.
- lowercase: Converts all letters to lowercase.
- UPPERCASE: Converts all letters to uppercase.
- Capitalize Each Word: Capitalizes the first letter of each word.
- tOGGLE cASE: Reverses the case of each letter (uppercase to lowercase and vice versa).
8. Click on the desired case option, and the case of the selected sentence will be changed accordingly.
(c) To print selected number of pages.
Ans:- To print a selected number of pages in MS Word 2010:
1. Open MS Word 2010.
2. Open the document you want to print.
3. Click on the "File" tab in the Ribbon, and a menu will appear.
4. From the menu, select the "Print" option, and the Print dialog box will open.
5. In the Print dialog box, locate the "Page Range" section.
6. In the "Page Range" section, select the "Pages" option.
7. Enter the range of pages you want to print in the text box provided. For example, if you want to print pages 3 to 7, enter "3-7" in the text box.
8. Alternatively, you can enter individual page numbers separated by commas. For example, to print pages 3, 5, and 7, enter "3, 5, 7" in the text box.
9. After entering the desired page range, click the "Print" button to print the selected pages.
(d) Find and replace.
Ans:- To find and replace in MS Word 2010:
1. Open MS Word 2010.
2. Press Ctrl + F on your keyboard, or click on the "Find" button in the Editing group on the Home tab in the Ribbon. The "Find and Replace" dialog box will open.
3. In the "Find what" field, enter the text you want to find.
4. If you want to search for specific formatting or other options, click on the "More" button to expand the dialog box and access additional settings.
5. To replace the found text with something else, click on the "Replace" tab in the "Find and Replace" dialog box.
6. In the "Replace with" field, enter the text you want to replace the found text with.
7. Again, you can use the "More" button to access additional options for replacing, such as format and style.
8. Once you have entered the find and replace information, you can choose to perform the actions:
- Click "Find Next" to locate the next occurrence of the text.
- Click "Replace" to replace the currently selected occurrence of the text.
- Click "Replace All" to replace all occurrences of the text throughout the document.
9. After performing the desired actions, you can close the "Find and Replace" dialog box.
Or
Write the steps to perform the following in MS-Excel 2010:
(a) To use conditional formatting.
Ans:- (a) Steps to use conditional formatting in MS Excel 2010:
1. Open Microsoft Excel 2010 and open the workbook that contains the data you want to format.
2. Select the range of cells to which you want to apply the conditional formatting.
3. Go to the "Home" tab on the Excel ribbon.
4. In the "Styles" group, click on the "Conditional Formatting" button.
5. A drop-down menu will appear with various formatting options. Choose the desired formatting rule from the list, such as "Highlight Cells Rules" or "Top/Bottom Rules."
6. Select the specific formatting rule you want to apply, such as "Greater Than," "Less Than," or "Data Bars."
7. In the dialog box that appears, enter the criteria or values for the formatting rule.
8. Choose the formatting style you want to apply to the cells that meet the specified criteria.
9. Click "OK" to apply the conditional formatting to the selected range of cells.
(b) Sporting of records.
Ans:- Steps to sort records in MS Excel 2010:
1. Open Microsoft Excel 2010 and open the workbook that contains the data you want to sort.
2. Select the range of cells that you want to sort. Make sure to include the entire data set, including column headers if applicable.
3. Go to the "Data" tab on the Excel ribbon.
4. In the "Sort & Filter" group, click on the "Sort A to Z" or "Sort Z to A" button to sort the data alphabetically.
5. If you want to sort the data based on a specific column, click on the "Sort" button. In the Sort dialog box, select the column you want to sort by and choose the sorting order (ascending or descending).
6. Click "OK" to apply the sorting to the selected range of cells.
(c) Freezing rows and columns.
Ans:- Steps to freeze rows and columns in MS Excel 2010:
1. Open Microsoft Excel 2010 and open the workbook that contains the worksheet you want to freeze rows or columns in.
2. Select the row below the rows you want to freeze or the column to the right of the columns you want to freeze.
3. Go to the "View" tab on the Excel ribbon.
4. In the "Window" group, click on the "Freeze Panes" button.
5. A drop-down menu will appear with three options: "Freeze Panes," "Freeze Top Row," and "Freeze First Column."
6. To freeze rows and columns at the same time, select "Freeze Panes."
7. If you only want to freeze the top row, click on "Freeze Top Row."
8. If you only want to freeze the first column, click on "Freeze First Column."
9. The selected rows or columns will be frozen, and you can scroll through the worksheet while keeping the frozen area visible.
(d) Inserting charts and graphs.
Ans:- Steps to insert charts and graphs in MS Excel 2010:
1. Open Microsoft Excel 2010 and open the workbook that contains the data you want to visualize in a chart or graph.
2. Select the range of cells that you want to include in the chart or graph.
3. Go to the "Insert" tab on the Excel ribbon.
4. In the "Charts" group, click on the desired chart type, such as "Column," "Line," or "Pie."
5. A gallery of chart options will appear. Choose the specific chart style you want to use by clicking on it.
6. The selected chart will be inserted into the worksheet, and a new tab called "Chart Tools" will appear on the Excel ribbon.
7. Use the options on the "Chart Tools" tab to customize the chart's appearance, such as
changing the chart title, adding data labels, or modifying the axis labels.
8. To move the chart to a different location within the worksheet, click and drag it to the desired position.
9. If you want to create a different type of chart or modify an existing chart, repeat the above steps.
10. Save your workbook to retain the inserted charts and graphs.
5. Define MS-PowerPoint. Explain the basic features of MS-PowerPoint 2010. 2+6=8
Ans:- Microsoft PowerPoint is a widely used presentation software developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite and is designed to create visually appealing and interactive slide-based presentations. PowerPoint allows users to combine text, images, charts, graphs, and multimedia elements to convey information effectively.
Here are some of the basic features of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010:
1. Slide Creation: PowerPoint provides a slide-based interface where users can create individual slides for their presentations. Each slide acts as a separate entity and can be customized with different layouts, themes, and designs.
2. Formatting Tools: PowerPoint offers a range of formatting tools to enhance the appearance of the slides. Users can apply various fonts, colors, and styles to the text. They can also adjust the size and position of images, shapes, and other visual elements on the slides.
3. Slide Transition and Animation: PowerPoint allows users to add slide transitions, which are effects that control how each slide appears and disappears during a presentation. Animation effects can also be applied to individual objects within the slides, enabling them to move, fade, or appear in a sequence.
4. Multimedia Integration: Users can insert multimedia elements, such as images, audio files, and video clips, into their slides. PowerPoint supports a wide range of file formats, allowing users to incorporate rich media content to make their presentations more engaging.
5. Slide Show Options: PowerPoint offers various options for delivering presentations. Users can set up automatic timings for slides, add narrations or recordings, and create custom slideshows with specific slide sequences. Presenter view allows presenters to view speaker notes and control the presentation while displaying only the slides to the audience.
6. Collaboration and Sharing: PowerPoint provides features for collaborating on presentations. Multiple users can work on a presentation simultaneously, making it easier to collaborate and share ideas. Additionally, presentations can be saved in various formats, such as PowerPoint files, PDFs, and video files, to facilitate sharing with others.
Or
Define DBMS. Explain how DBMS is helping in the advancement in various fields of commerce. 8
Ans:- DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a software application that enables users to efficiently store, organize, and manage vast amounts of data. A DBMS provides a structured approach to creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting data from a database.
DBMS plays a crucial role in advancing various fields of commerce by offering several benefits and capabilities:
1. Data Organization: DBMS helps in organizing data in a structured manner. It allows businesses to store data in tables with predefined relationships, ensuring data integrity and eliminating data redundancy. This organized structure enhances data management, simplifies data retrieval, and enables complex queries to be executed efficiently.
2. Data Integration: DBMS facilitates data integration by allowing multiple users and applications to access and manipulate the same database simultaneously. It enables data sharing and collaboration across different departments or divisions within an organization, leading to improved communication, streamlined processes, and better decision-making.
3. Data Security: DBMS offers robust security features to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, manipulation, or loss. It provides mechanisms for user authentication, access control, and encryption. By enforcing data security measures, DBMS helps businesses comply with data protection regulations and safeguards against potential data breaches.
4. Data Consistency and Accuracy: DBMS enforces data consistency by implementing rules and constraints on the data stored in the database. It ensures that the data follows predefined integrity constraints, such as primary key constraints, foreign key constraints, and domain constraints. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data, enabling businesses to make informed decisions based on trustworthy information.
5. Data Scalability and Performance: DBMS offers scalability, allowing businesses to handle growing volumes of data efficiently. It supports the addition of new data without disrupting existing operations. Additionally, DBMS optimizes query execution, indexing, and caching techniques to enhance performance and provide faster access to data, even with large datasets.
6. Data Analytics and Business Intelligence: DBMS enables businesses to leverage data analytics and business intelligence tools. By integrating with these tools, DBMS empowers organizations to extract valuable insights from their data, identify trends, make data-driven decisions, and gain a competitive edge.
7. E-commerce and Online Transactions: DBMS is instrumental in supporting e-commerce platforms and online transactions. It ensures secure and reliable storage of customer data, order details, inventory information, and transaction records. DBMS enables real-time processing, inventory management, and order tracking, contributing to a seamless online shopping experience.
8. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): DBMS assists in managing customer data effectively.
6. What is ratio analysis? Explain the types of ratio analysis with formulas. 2+8=10
Ans:- Ratio analysis is a financial analysis technique used to evaluate the performance, profitability, and financial health of a company. It involves calculating and interpreting various ratios based on the company's financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
There are several types of ratio analysis that provide different insights into a company's financial condition. Here are some commonly used types of ratio analysis along with their formulas:
1. Liquidity Ratios:
- Current Ratio: Current Assets / Current Liabilities
- Quick Ratio: (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
- Cash Ratio: Cash and Cash Equivalents / Current Liabilities
Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. They indicate whether a company has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities.
2. Profitability Ratios:
- Gross Profit Margin: (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue
- Operating Profit Margin: Operating Income / Revenue
- Net Profit Margin: Net Income / Revenue
- Return on Assets (ROA): Net Income / Total Assets
- Return on Equity (ROE): Net Income / Shareholders' Equity
Profitability ratios assess a company's ability to generate profits from its operations and assets.
3. Efficiency Ratios:
- Inventory Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
- Accounts Receivable Turnover: Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
- Accounts Payable Turnover: Purchases / Average Accounts Payable
Efficiency ratios measure how effectively a company manages its assets, liabilities, and operations.
4. Solvency Ratios:
- Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity
- Debt Ratio: Total Debt / Total Assets
- Interest Coverage Ratio: Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) / Interest Expense
Solvency ratios assess a company's long-term financial stability and its ability to meet long-term obligations.
5. Market Ratios:
- Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio): Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share
- Dividend Yield: Dividends per Share / Market Price per Share
Market ratios evaluate a company's stock price and its relationship to earnings and dividends.
These are just a few examples of ratio analysis types and formulas. There are many other ratios that can be calculated based on specific needs and industry standards. Ratio analysis helps analysts and investors gain insights into a company's financial performance, strengths, weaknesses, and potential risks.
Or
Explain the differences between the following: 5×2=10
(a) SQL and SQL*plus.
Ans:- SQL and SQL*Plus are related to database management, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. Here are five differences between SQL and SQL*Plus:
1. Functionality and Purpose:
- SQL (Structured Query Language): SQL is a standard programming language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. It is primarily used to define, retrieve, and manipulate data in a database.
- SQL*Plus: SQL*Plus is a command-line interface provided by Oracle Corporation for executing SQL commands and scripts. It is a tool used to interact with an Oracle database and provides additional functionality beyond basic SQL.
2. Interaction:
- SQL: SQL is typically used through an application or a database management system (DBMS). It is written as statements within a program or executed interactively through a graphical user interface (GUI) tool.
- SQL*Plus: SQL*Plus operates as a standalone program that allows users to directly interact with the Oracle database through a command-line interface. It provides a text-based environment where users can enter SQL commands and receive immediate feedback.
3. Features and Enhancements:
- SQL: SQL provides a comprehensive set of syntax and commands for data definition, manipulation, and retrieval. It includes operations such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and JOIN, among others.
- SQL*Plus: SQL*Plus builds on top of SQL and extends its functionality. It provides additional features like formatting query results, generating reports, executing scripts, setting variables, and controlling the environment.
4. Portability:
- SQL: SQL is a standardized language that can be used with various relational database systems. SQL code written for one database can often be used with minor modifications on another database system.
- SQL*Plus: SQL*Plus is specific to Oracle databases. It is included as a part of the Oracle Database software and is primarily used for interacting with Oracle databases.
5. User Interface:
- SQL: SQL commands are written in a plain text format, usually within a programming language or a GUI tool that provides a user-friendly interface for executing SQL statements.
- SQL*Plus: SQL*Plus has a command-line interface that operates in a text-based environment. It uses its own set of commands and provides a basic, but efficient, interface for running SQL commands and scripts.
These differences highlight that SQL is a language used for interacting with databases, while SQL*Plus is a specific tool provided by Oracle for executing SQL commands in an Oracle database. SQL*Plus adds functionality and a command-line interface to SQL, providing additional features and control over the database environment.
(b) DML and DDL.
Ans:- DML (Data Manipulation Language) and DDL (Data Definition Language) are two different components of database management systems (DBMS) that serve distinct purposes. Here are five key differences between DML and DDL:
1. Purpose:
- DML: DML is used for manipulating and managing data within the database. It includes operations such as inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data.
- DDL: DDL is used for defining and managing the structure of the database. It includes operations such as creating, altering, and deleting database objects like tables, views, indexes, and constraints.
2. Focus:
- DML: DML focuses on data manipulation. It allows users to perform operations on individual records or subsets of data, such as querying data, modifying records, or performing calculations.
- DDL: DDL focuses on data definition. It allows users to define the structure, organization, and relationships of data elements within the database, such as creating tables, specifying column names, data types, and constraints.
3. Impact:
- DML: DML affects the content of the database. It modifies the existing data, adds new records, or removes existing ones. DML operations can be rolled back (undone) using the database's transaction mechanism.
- DDL: DDL affects the structure of the database. It defines the layout, organization, and relationships between database objects. DDL operations are not typically rolled back, as they involve changes that are fundamental to the database schema.
4. Syntax:
- DML: DML statements include commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. These statements are used to manipulate and retrieve data from the database.
- DDL: DDL statements include commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. These statements are used to define, modify, or delete database objects and their attributes.
5. Execution Time:
- DML: DML statements are typically executed at runtime when users interact with the database. They are often used to perform operations on specific data elements or subsets of data.
- DDL: DDL statements are generally executed during the design, setup, or maintenance of the database. They define the structure and properties of the database objects before any data manipulation takes place.
Dibrugarh University Computer Applications in Business Solved Question Paper 2022
Dibrugarh University BCOM 4th Sem
7. What do you understand by Depreciation Accounting? Describe how depreciation can be calculated in MS-Excel 2010. 2+8=10
Ans:- Depreciation accounting refers to the process of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. It is a way of recognizing and recording the gradual reduction in the value of an asset as it is used or becomes outdated.
In MS-Excel 2010, there are several methods to calculate depreciation, but one common method is the straight-line depreciation method. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to calculate depreciation using this method:
Step 1: Prepare your Excel worksheet.
- Column A: Enter the asset names or descriptions.
- Column B: Enter the initial cost of each asset.
- Column C: Enter the useful life of each asset in years.
- Column D: Enter the salvage value (the estimated value of the asset at the end of its useful life).
Step 2: Calculate the annual depreciation expense.
- In column E, enter the formula: =(B2-D2)/C2
This formula calculates the annual depreciation expense by subtracting the salvage value from the initial cost and then dividing it by the useful life.
Step 3: Calculate the accumulated depreciation.
- In column F, enter the formula: =SUM($E$2:E2)
This formula calculates the accumulated depreciation by summing the depreciation expenses from the first row to the current row.
Step 4: Calculate the net book value.
- In column G, enter the formula: =B2-F2
This formula calculates the net book value (the remaining value of the asset) by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the initial cost.
Step 5: Copy the formulas.
- Select cells E2 to G2 and drag the fill handle down to copy the formulas to the remaining rows.
After following these steps, your Excel worksheet should display the annual depreciation expense, accumulated depreciation, and net book value for each asset.
Or
Briefly explain MS-Word along with its features. 2+8=10
Ans:- Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software developed by Microsoft. It provides a range of features and tools that enable users to create, edit, format, and collaborate on documents. Here are some of the key features of MS-Word:
1. Document Creation and Editing: MS-Word allows users to create new documents from scratch or use pre-designed templates. Users can add text, images, tables, charts, and other elements to their documents. It offers a user-friendly interface for editing and formatting text, including options for font styles, sizes, colors, alignments, and more.
2. Formatting and Styles: Word provides extensive formatting options to make documents visually appealing. Users can apply various styles, themes, and templates to customize the appearance of their documents. It supports headers, footers, page numbers, margins, indents, and spacing options.
3. Collaboration and Review: MS-Word includes collaboration features that enable multiple users to work on a document simultaneously. Users can track changes, leave comments, and accept or reject edits made by others. It also offers features like the "Review" tab, which allows for proofreading, spell-checking, and thesaurus functionality.
4. Tables and Charts: Word allows users to create and manipulate tables to organize and present data effectively. It offers various formatting options for tables, including adjusting cell size, merging cells, adding borders, and applying shading. Users can also insert and customize charts to visualize data within the document.
5. Graphics and Multimedia: Users can insert images, shapes, symbols, and SmartArt graphics into their documents. MS-Word supports the integration of multimedia elements such as videos and audio clips, allowing for interactive and engaging content creation.
6. Mail Merge: This feature enables users to create personalized documents, such as letters or envelopes, by merging a template with data from an external source, such as an Excel spreadsheet or Outlook contacts.
7. Templates and Themes: MS-Word provides a vast collection of templates and themes for various document types, such as resumes, letters, reports, and newsletters. These templates offer pre-designed layouts and formatting options, saving time and effort in document creation.
8. Compatibility and Exporting: Word documents can be saved in various file formats, including .docx, .pdf, .rtf, and more. This allows for compatibility with other word processing software and easy sharing or printing of documents.
8. Write short notes on any three of the following: 3×5=15
(a) Cell referencing.
Ans:- Cell referencing: Cell referencing is a fundamental concept in spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets. It refers to the ability to refer to a specific cell or range of cells within a worksheet. By using cell references, you can create formulas that dynamically update based on the values in other cells. There are two types of cell referencing: relative referencing and absolute referencing. Relative referencing adjusts the reference when copied or moved, while absolute referencing keeps the reference fixed regardless of its position. Cell referencing is essential for performing calculations, creating formulas, and linking data across different cells or worksheets.
(b) Capital budgeting.
Ans:- Capital budgeting: Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investment projects or expenditures that involve substantial capital outlay. It helps organizations determine which investment opportunities are worth pursuing and allocating financial resources efficiently. The primary goal of capital budgeting is to maximize the value of the firm by investing in projects with positive net present value (NPV). Various techniques are used in capital budgeting, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, and profitability index. These methods assess the financial feasibility and potential returns of investment projects, considering factors like cash flows, risk, and the organization's overall strategic objectives.
(c) Mail-Merge.
Ans:- Mail-Merge: Mail-merge is a feature commonly found in word processing software, such as Microsoft Word or Google Docs. It allows users to create personalized documents, such as letters, envelopes, or labels, by combining a template with a data source. The data source typically consists of a list or database containing the variable information that needs to be merged into the document. The template contains fixed text or formatting, while the variable fields are marked as placeholders. During the mail-merge process, the software automatically fills in the placeholders with the corresponding data from the source, generating a set of personalized documents. Mail-merge is commonly used for creating mass mailings, form letters, or any situation where personalized documents are needed.
(d) Nested queries.
Ans:- Nested queries: Nested queries, also known as nested subqueries, are SQL statements or queries that are embedded within another query. In a nested query, the result of the inner query is used as input for the outer query. The inner query is executed first, and its result is then used in the outer query's condition or expression. Nested queries provide a way to perform more complex and advanced data retrieval operations by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts. They are particularly useful when you need to filter or retrieve data based on multiple conditions or when you want to perform aggregations or comparisons using subquery results. Nested queries can be nested multiple levels deep, depending on the complexity of the data retrieval requirements.
(e) Cardinality.
Ans:- Cardinality: Cardinality refers to the mathematical concept of the number of elements in a set. In the context of databases, cardinality describes the relationship between two database tables or entities. It represents the number of instances or records in one table that are associated with a single instance or record in another table. Cardinality is expressed as one of the following types: one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:N), or many-to-many (N:N).
- One-to-one (1:1) cardinality means that each record in one table is associated with exactly one record in another table.
- One-to-many (1:N) cardinality means that each record in one table can be associated with multiple records in another table, but each record in the second table can be associated with only one record in the first table.
- Many-to-many (N:N) cardinality means that multiple records in one table can be associated with multiple records in another table. To represent this type of cardinality, an intermediary table, often called a junction or bridge table, is used.
Cardinality is an important concept in database design as it helps define the relationships and constraints between tables, ensuring data integrity and enabling efficient data retrieval.
(f) Loan and lease statement.
Ans:- Loan and lease statement: A loan and lease statement is a financial document that provides details about a borrower's loan or lease agreement. It outlines the terms, conditions, and key financial information related to the borrowing or leasing arrangement. The statement typically includes important details such as the principal amount borrowed, interest rate, repayment schedule, maturity date, monthly payments, and any associated fees or charges. It may also include information about collateral or security provided, prepayment options, late payment penalties, and other terms specific to the loan or lease agreement. The statement helps borrowers and lessees understand their financial obligations, track their payments, and ensure compliance with the terms of the agreement. Lenders and lessors use loan and lease statements to communicate the details of the transaction and provide transparency regarding the financial aspects of the borrowing or leasing arrangement.
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