![Industrial Relations and Labour Laws Important Questions 2025 [Gauhati University BCom 6th Semester CBCS]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj1HxkQXNFMuu9jOl6rbqAwBUsrKhJ-cYSM5VWFL3exEomzkaCREtBIZoYfF7pVuCI9UC5Eh4B80nYy8zbbVE3ORjeJfqQoeVlGRNeIkZqoz4iGqJDFJtUG4OtPOsElm8Jmg6EsqO4QmulFlOilSZhmrXOcLwSB3Dluz-FuEar_CJZjgQcrsGyUbZ1GO5j/s1120/Industrial%20Relations%20and%20Labour%20Law%20Important%20Questions%202025.jpg)
Imagine this: a subject that blends the dynamics of workplaces, the power of trade unions, and the laws that keep it all in harmony. Sounds intriguing, right? Whether it’s understanding collective bargaining or decoding the Factories Act, this course is your gateway to mastering the backbone of industrial harmony. And guess what? We’ve curated a sparkling list of questions—straight from the syllabus and inspired by past trends (2012–2024)—to make your prep smooth, smart, and stress-free.
So, grab your coffee, put on your study cap, and let’s dive into why this subject matters and how our handpicked questions will be your secret weapon for 2025!
Why Industrial Relations and Labour Laws is a Game-Changer
Industrial Relations and Labour Laws isn’t just another paper—it’s a window into the real world of work. From the rights of workers to the responsibilities of employers, this subject unravels the legal and human aspects of industries. Think of it as the bridge between management and labour, sprinkled with laws like the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Trade Union Act, 1926.
For BCom 6th semester students under the CBCS pattern at Gauhati University, this elective (worth 6 credits and 100 marks) is a golden opportunity to shine. With 65 lectures packed into the syllabus, it covers five exciting units:
Unit 1: Industrial Relations (IR)
Unit 2: Trade Unions
Unit 3: Collective Bargaining and Workers’ Participation
Unit 4: Discipline and Grievance Redressal
Unit 5: Key Labour Laws (Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 & Factories Act, 1948)
Whether you dream of a career in HR, management, or law, this subject equips you with knowledge that’s practical, powerful, and oh-so-relevant. And with our carefully crafted questions, you’ll be ready to tackle every twist and turn of the 2025 exam!
The Treasure Notes Edge: What’s in Store for You?
At The Treasure Notes, we believe in making learning fun, focused, and fruitful. Our Important Questions for 2025 are more than just a list—they’re your roadmap to success! Here’s what makes them special:
Syllabus-Aligned: Every question is rooted in the CBCS syllabus for COM-HE-6056.
Past Paper Insights: We’ve analyzed trends from 2012 to 2024 to spotlight recurring themes.
Variety Galore: From 1-mark MCQs to 10-mark deep dives, we’ve got it all covered.
Creative Boost: Questions are designed to spark critical thinking and clarity.
Ready to explore? Below, we’ve reserved a special space for the Important Questions 2025. You can paste them in and watch your prep soar to new heights!
How to Use These Questions Like a Pro
Before we unveil the treasure, here’s a quick guide to make the most of it:
Start Small: Tackle the 1-mark objective questions to build your basics.
Level Up: Move to 2-mark and 5-mark questions for concise yet detailed answers.
Go Big: Master the 10-mark questions to impress the examiner with your depth.
Practice Smart: Time yourself and revise past papers alongside these questions.
Stay Curious: Use our blog as a springboard to explore case studies and real-world examples!
With the exam approaching (hello, 2025!), every minute counts. Let’s turn your hard work into a dazzling score!
Important Questions for Gauhati University BCom 6th Semester Industrial Relations and Labour Laws 2025
Industrial relations and labour laws
Important Questions for 2025 Exam
Unit 1: Industrial Relations (IR)
Section 1: Objective Type Questions (1 Mark Each)
(True/False, Fill in the Blanks, MCQs)
1). True/False:
a). Industrial relations are not dependent on human resource policies. (BCom 2024)
b). The scope of industrial relations covers only relations between managers and individual workers.
c). The role of the State in industrial relations is limited to enacting laws.
d). The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has no influence on Indian industrial relations.
e). Employers’ organizations play a key role in shaping industrial relations policies.
2). Fill in the Blanks:
a). The concept of industrial relations focuses on the relationship between ______ and ______.
b). The headquarters of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) is located in ______. (BCom 2023)
c). The evolution of industrial relations in India began during the ______ period.
d). One objective of industrial relations is to maintain ______ between employers and employees.
e). The ______ Act, 1947 is a key legislation governing industrial disputes in India.
3). Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
a). The scope of industrial relations covers: (BCom 2017, 2022)
(i). Relations between managers and individual workers
(ii). The collective relation between employees and labour unions
(iii). The role of government in the regulation of relationships between management and labour unions
(iv). All of the above
b). Which of the following is an objective of industrial relations?
(i). Promoting industrial peace
(ii). Reducing employee salaries
(iii). Increasing workplace conflicts
(iv). Eliminating trade unions
c). The International Labour Organisation (ILO) was established in:
(i). 1919
(ii). 1920
(iii). 1945
(iv). 1950
d). Which factor affects industrial relations in a changing environment?
(i). Technological advancements
(ii). Government policies
(iii). Economic conditions
(iv). All of the above
e). The primary role of employers’ organizations in industrial relations is to:
(i). Represent workers
(ii). Advocate for employer interests
(iii). Enforce trade union rules
(iv). Regulate wages independently
Section 2: Short Questions (2 Marks Each)
1). Define industrial relations. (BCom 2014, 2019, 2023)
2). State two distinct features of industrial relations. (BCom 2024)
3). Write two main objectives of industrial relations. (BCom 2016)
4). Mention two factors affecting industrial relations in a changing environment.
5). What is the role of the State in industrial relations?
6). Write briefly on the evolution of industrial relations in India.
7). What is the significance of trade unions in industrial relations?
8). State two functions of employers’ organizations in industrial relations.
9). How does human resource management influence industrial relations?
10). Mention the principal organs of the ILO. (BCom 2024)
Section 3: Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)
1). Explain the objectives of industrial relations. (BCom 2017, 2019)
2). Discuss three factors affecting industrial relations. (BCom 2015)
3). Explain the role of employers and trade unions in maintaining industrial harmony. (BCom 2019, 2023)
4). What was Gandhi’s view on industrial relations? (BCom 2012)
5). Describe the role of the government in industrial relations. (BCom 2012)
6). Explain the concept of industrial relations and its nature.
7). Discuss the role of employers’ organizations in shaping industrial relations.
8). How does human resource management contribute to effective industrial relations?
9). Briefly explain the role of the ILO in industrial relations. (BCom 2023)
10). What are the international dimensions of industrial relations?
Section 4: Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)
1). Discuss the essential conditions for promoting and maintaining sound industrial relations. (BCom 2016, 2019, 2022)
2). Explain the various approaches to industrial relations. (BCom 2017, 2022, 2023)
3). Discuss in detail the industrial relations scenario in India since the time of independence. (BCom 2012)
4). Briefly describe the various approaches to industrial relations. (BCom 2012)
5). Discuss the factors affecting industrial relations in a changing environment. (BCom 2014)
6). Evaluate the role of the State in promoting sound industrial relations. (BCom 2018)
7). Discuss the evolution of industrial relations in India. (BCom 2024)
8). Discuss the various objectives of industrial relations and the factors affecting it in changing environmental conditions. (BCom 2024)
9). Explain the role of trade unions and employers’ organizations in industrial relations.
10). Analyze the impact of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) on industrial relations at the international level. (BCom 2019)
11). Discuss the relationship between human resource management and industrial relations, highlighting its importance. (BCom 2023)
12). Explain the historical development of industrial relations in India and the influence of global factors.
Unit 2: Trade Union
Section 1: Objective Type Questions (1 Mark Each)
1). True/False:
a). Trade unions are temporary combinations between workers and the government. (BCom 2024)
b). The Trade Union Act, 1926 requires a minimum of 7 members for registration. (BCom 2018)
c). Multiplicity of trade unions strengthens their bargaining power.
d). Trade unions emerged in India only after Independence.
e). The minimum age of an office bearer of a registered trade union is 18 years. (BCom 2017)
2). Fill in the Blanks: a). The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in ______. (BCom 2013, 2023)
b). The minimum number of members required to apply for trade union registration is ______. (BCom 2017, 2022)
c). A trade union is defined under Section ______ of the Trade Union Act, 1926.
d). ______ is a factor affecting the growth of trade unions in India.
e). The founder of the Bombay Mill Hands Association was ______. (BCom 2023)
3). Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
a). In which year was the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) formed? (BCom 2013, 2019, 2023)
(i). 1919
(ii). 1920
(iii). 1921
(iv). 1922
b). What should be the minimum age of a worker to become a member of a registered trade union? (BCom 2017)
(i). 15 years
(ii). 16 years
(iii). 18 years
(iv). 20 years
c). Which of the following is not a characteristic of a trade union? (BCom 2023)
(i). Voluntary Association
(ii). Common Goal
(iii). Individual Actions
(iv). Intermediary
d). Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU) is affiliated to: (BCom 2017)
(i). CPI
(ii). CPI(M)
(iii). BJP
(iv). National Congress
e). Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangha (BMS) was formed in 1959 and dominated by: (BCom 2015)
(i). Communist Party of India (CPI)
(ii). Congress Party
(iii). Bhartiya Janata Party
(iv). Socialist Party
Section 2: Short Questions (2 Marks Each)
1). Define trade union as per the Trade Union Act, 1926. (BCom 2013)
2). What is Gandhiji’s view on trade unions? (BCom 2013)
3). Mention two functions of a trade union. (BCom 2013)
4). Write two features of the Trade Union Act, 1926. (BCom 2014, 2019, 2022)
5). Why do employees join trade unions? (BCom 2023)
6). State two factors affecting the growth of trade unions in India.
7). What is meant by multiplicity of trade unions?
8). Mention two rights of a registered trade union.
9). Write briefly on the origin of trade unions in India.
10). State two impacts of liberalisation on trade unions.
Section 3: Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)
1). Discuss the role of trade unions in collective bargaining. (BCom 2018)
2). Explain three rights and privileges of a registered trade union. (BCom 2015)
3). What are the major problems faced by trade unions in India? (BCom 2023)
4). Discuss the growth of trade unions after Independence.
5). Explain the factors affecting the growth of trade unions in India.
6). What is meant by recognition of trade unions? Explain its significance.
7). Discuss the main provisions of the Trade Union Act, 1926.
8). Explain the concept and functions of trade unions. (BCom 2017)
9). Discuss briefly the situations under which the Registrar of Trade Unions may cancel registration. (BCom 2024)
10). What are the limitations of trade unions in the era of liberalisation?
Section 4: Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)
1). Discuss the origin and growth of trade unions in India. (BCom 2024)
2). Explain the concept and functions of trade unions in detail. (BCom 2022)
3). Discuss the different approaches of trade unions. (BCom 2013)
4). What are the different types of trade unions? Also mention the rights of a recognized trade union. (BCom 2013)
5). Explain the duties and liabilities of a registered trade union under the Trade Union Act, 1926. (BCom 2016)
6). Discuss the major problems in the Indian trade union movement and suggest measures to strengthen it. (BCom 2015)
7). Discuss various measures to strengthen the trade union movement in India. What new roles do trade unions need to play for survival and popularity? (BCom 2023)
8). Discuss the issue of multiplicity of trade unions in the Indian scenario and the provisions for recognition under the Trade Union Act, 1926. (BCom 2024)
9). Explain the process of registration of a trade union under the Trade Union Act, 1926. (BCom 2014)
10). Analyze the impact of liberalisation on trade unions in India.
Unit 3: Collective Bargaining and Workers' Participation in Management
Section 1: Objective Type Questions (1 Mark Each)
1). True/False:
a). Workers’ participation in management is an important form of non-financial incentive to workers. (BCom 2024)
b). Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employees and employers’ representatives. (BCom 2024)
c). Works Committees are tripartite bodies. (BCom 2015)
d). Joint Management Councils have been highly successful in India.
e). Productive bargaining focuses on increasing worker productivity.2). Fill in the Blanks: a). The maximum number of members allowed in a Unit Council under workers’ participation is ______. (BCom 2018)
b). Collective bargaining was made compulsory by ______. (BCom 2023)
c). The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides for Works Committees under Section ______. (BCom 2018)
d). ______ is a prerequisite for successful collective bargaining.
e). The concept of workers’ participation in management is also known as ______.
3). Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
a). Which form of collective bargaining benefits both employees and employers? (BCom 2017)
(i). Distributive collective bargaining
(ii). Integrative collective bargaining
(iii). Attitudinal collective bargaining
(iv). Intra-organizational collective bargaining
b). Under workers’ participation in management, a unit council can have a maximum of: (BCom 2012)
(i). 10 members
(ii). 12 members
(iii). 15 members
(iv). 18 members
c). The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides for Works Committees in concerns employing: (BCom 2014)
(i). More than 50 workers
(ii). More than 100 workers
(iii). More than 200 workers
(iv). More than 500 workers
d). Who advocated compulsory collective bargaining? (BCom 2023)
(i). V.V. Giri
(ii). G.L. Nanda
(iii). Jagjivan Ram
(iv). Khandubhai Desai
e). "Industrial Democracy" means: (BCom 2015, 2018)
(i). Democratic rights of workers
(ii). Workers’ participation in decision-making
(iii). Right to vote in public elections
(iv). None of the above
Section 2: Short Questions (2 Marks Each)
1). Define collective bargaining. (BCom 2018)
2). Mention the objectives of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2013)
3). What are the usual matters dealt with in a collective bargaining agreement? (BCom 2017)
4). Write two merits of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2017, 2022)
5). Discuss briefly the different stages of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2024)
6). Mention two reasons for the limited success of collective bargaining in India. (BCom 2022)
7). What is meant by productive bargaining?
8). State two functions of trade unions in collective bargaining.
9). What is the role of Works Committees in workers’ participation?
10). Define gain sharing in the context of workers’ participation.
Section 3: Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)
1). Explain the concept of collective bargaining. (BCom 2014)
2). What are the features of collective bargaining? (BCom 2017, 2019)
3). Discuss the objectives of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2018)
4). Explain the importance of participative management. (BCom 2016)
5). Why is collective bargaining considered the best approach to maintaining industrial harmony? (BCom 2023)
6). Discuss the role of trade unions in collective bargaining.
7). Explain the concept of Joint Management Councils.
8). What are the prerequisites for successful collective bargaining?
9). Discuss the reasons for the failure of Works Committees in India. (BCom 2024)
10). Explain the status of collective bargaining in India.
Section 4: Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)
1). Explain the process of collective bargaining and the reasons for its limited success in India. (BCom 2014)
2). Discuss the different forms or methods of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2015, 2019, 2022)
3). Explain the concept of collective bargaining and its various forms. (BCom 2016, 2022)
4). Discuss the different levels of workers’ participation in management. (BCom 2017, 2022)
5). Briefly explain the various types of collective bargaining and the essential conditions for its success. (BCom 2024)
6). What are bipartite bodies? Discuss their role in workers’ participation. (BCom 2017)
7). Explain the working of Joint Management Councils and why they could not be successful. (BCom 2023)
8). Discuss the importance and process of collective bargaining in India. (BCom 2018)
9). Analyze the practices of workers’ participation in management in the Indian context. (BCom 2012)
10). Discuss the issues involved in collective bargaining and suggest measures to improve its effectiveness in India.
Unit 4: Discipline and Grievance Redressal
Section 1: Objective Type Questions (1 Mark Each)
1). True/False:
a). Hunger strike is not a form of industrial dispute. (BCom 2016, 2022)
b). The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 requires standing orders to be certified by a Certifying Officer. (BCom 2018)
c). Labour turnover is beneficial to industrial harmony.
d). Domestic enquiries must follow the principle of natural justice.
e). Absenteeism has no impact on industrial productivity.
2). Fill in the Blanks:
a). Clause ______ of Model Standing Orders refers to acts of misconduct. (BCom 2019)
b). The standing order drafted by the employer is certified under Section ______ of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (BCom 2016)
c). ______ is a cause of indiscipline in industrial organizations.
d). Lack of ______ is a cause of labour turnover in an organization. (BCom 2024)
e). A domestic enquiry is conducted by the ______ to address employment issues. (BCom 2024)
3). Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
a). Which clause of Model Standing Orders refers to acts and omissions regarded as misconduct? (BCom 2012)
(i). Clause 12
(ii). Clause 13
(iii). Clause 14
(iv). Clause 15
b). Under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, who certifies standing orders? (BCom 2019)
(i). Labour Commissioner
(ii). Certifying Officer
(iii). Factory Inspector
(iv). Employer
c). Which of the following is an unauthorized deduction under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936? (BCom 2012)
(i). Fines imposed on an employee
(ii). Deduction for absence from duty
(iii). Deductions for Income Tax
(iv). Deductions for tools or raw materials
d). The principle of natural justice includes:
(i). Right to a fair hearing
(ii). Bias in decision-making
(iii). Arbitrary judgment
(iv). None of the above
e). Labour turnover refers to:
(i). Employee retention
(ii). Rate of employees leaving an organization
(iii). Increase in productivity
(iv). Worker absenteeism
Section 2: Short Questions (2 Marks Each)
1). Define grievance in the context of industrial relations. (BCom 2013)
2). What is the principle of natural justice in grievance handling? (BCom 2018)
3). Mention two causes of indiscipline in industrial organizations. (BCom 2016)
4). What is meant by labour turnover?
5). Write briefly on absenteeism in industries.
6). State two highlights of domestic enquiries.
7). Mention two features of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (BCom 2016)
8). What are the reasons for misconduct or indiscipline in an organization? (BCom 2024)
9). Define retrenchment as per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2019)
10). Write two objectives of grievance redressal machinery.
Section 3: Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)
1). Discuss the causes of indiscipline in industrial organizations. (BCom 2018)
2). Explain the concept of lay-off and lock-out. (BCom 2016, 2022)
3). What are the prerequisites of a successful grievance handling procedure? (BCom 2019, 2023)
4). Discuss the main provisions of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (BCom 2018)
5). Explain the features of retrenchment. (BCom 2017)
6). What are the matters set out in the schedule of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946? (BCom 2017)
7). Discuss the grievance redressal machinery in India. (BCom 2019)
8). Explain the principle of natural justice in the context of discipline.
9). Discuss the reasons for employee absenteeism. (BCom 2024)
10). What are the highlights of domestic enquiries in maintaining discipline?
Section 4: Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)
1). Discuss the causes of industrial indiscipline and measures to maintain discipline. (BCom 2023)
2). Explain the meaning of grievance and the appropriate procedure for grievance handling in industrial relations. (BCom 2024)
3). Analyze the role of grievance redressal machinery in maintaining industrial harmony. (BCom 2018)
4). Discuss the salient features of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and its role in maintaining discipline. (BCom 2019)
5). Explain the matters set out in the schedule of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 in detail. (BCom 2017)
6). Define indiscipline in the context of employer-employee relations and discuss its causes. (BCom 2023)
7). Discuss the provisions relating to penalties and procedures under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (BCom 2023)
8). Explain the powers to make rules under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (BCom 2023)
9). Analyze the impact of labour turnover and absenteeism on industrial relations.
10). Discuss the procedure and significance of domestic enquiries in addressing misconduct.
Unit 5: The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and The Factories Act, 1948
Section 1: Objective Type Questions (1 Mark Each)
1). True/False:
a). A lockout without proper notice is legal. (BCom 2024)
b). Retrenchment includes voluntary retirement of a workman. (BCom 2016)
c). Workers are entitled to annual leave with wages under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2018)
d). The term "workman" includes managerial employees. (BCom 2019)
e). Conciliation is a method of resolving industrial conflicts with the help of a third party. (BCom 2022)
2). Fill in the Blanks:
a). Section ______ of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 defines "lay-off." (BCom 2019)
b). The Factories Act, 1948 defines a "child" as a person who has not completed ______ years of age. (BCom 2014, 2018)
c). A strike or lockout is illegal if commenced in contravention of Section ______ of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2024)
d). Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948 imposes the obligation for a canteen when the number of workers exceeds ______. (BCom 2017, 2019, 2022)
e). The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides for adjudication under Section ______.
3). Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
a). How many weeks of prior statutory notice is required before a strike or lockout? (BCom 2013, 2023)
(i). Two weeks
(ii). Three weeks
(iii). Five weeks
(iv). Six weeks
b). Under Section 2 of the Factories Act, 1948, a "child" means a person who has not completed: (BCom 2014)
(i). 12 years
(ii). 13 years
(iii). 14 years
(iv). 15 years
c). Which section of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides for Works Committees? (BCom 2018)
(i). Section 3
(ii). Section 5
(iii). Section 7
(iv). Section 9
d). An "Occupier" under the Factories Act, 1948 may be: (BCom 2012)
(i). The owner
(ii). A lessee
(iii). A licensee
(iv). All of the above
e). Which dispute settler cannot make a binding decision? (BCom 2023)
(i). Arbitrator
(ii). Adjudicator
(iii). Industrial Tribunal Member
(iv). Conciliator
Section 2: Short Questions (2 Marks Each)
1). Define industrial dispute under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2013, 2016, 2023)
2). Mention two provisions of safety under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2019)
3). Differentiate between strike and lockout. (BCom 2019, 2023)
4). Write two duties of a Labour Welfare Officer under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2018, 2022)
5). What is adjudication? (BCom 2016, 2019, 2022)
6). Under what conditions is a strike declared illegal? (BCom 2013)
7). Define retrenchment as per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2013)
8). Mention two impacts of strikes on employers. (BCom 2018)
9). What is total disablement as per the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923? (BCom 2017)
10). State two provisions relating to working hours under the Factories Act, 1948.
Section 3: Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)
1). Explain the process of retrenchment and reemployment under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2019)
2). Discuss the provisions regarding employment of women under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2017)
3). What are the health and safety provisions under the Factories Act, 1948? (BCom 2018)
4). Discuss the conditions of lay-off under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2024)
5). What are the various provisions regarding welfare of workers under the Factories Act, 1948? (BCom 2016)
6). Explain the authorities under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and their duties.
7). Discuss the procedure for closure of an undertaking under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2024)
8). What is conciliation? Explain its role in dispute resolution. (BCom 2017)
9). Discuss the provisions for annual leave with wages under the Factories Act, 1948.
10). Explain the definitions of "industry" and "workman" under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.Section 4: Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)1). Discuss the statutory machinery for resolving industrial disputes in India. (BCom 2018, 2022, 2023)
2). Explain the provisions relating to lay-off and retrenchment under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (BCom 2018)
3). Describe the safety and welfare provisions under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2019, 2022)
4). Discuss the three-tier system of adjudication in India. (BCom 2014)
5). Explain in detail the different forms of industrial disputes prevalent in India. (BCom 2016, 2022)
6). Discuss the important provisions for the protection of women and young persons under the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2015)
7). "Intervention by a third party is essential for rational and easy settlement of industrial disputes in India." Discuss. (BCom 2015, 2022)
8). Explain the scope and features of the Factories Act, 1948. (BCom 2022)
9). What are the essential features of lay-off and retrenchment? State the provisions for reemployment of retrenched workers. (BCom 2015)
10). Discuss the powers and duties of authorities under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
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