Gauhati University 1st Semester FYUGP
Environmental Studies Important Questions
Prepared By The Treasure Notes 💀🔥
Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Studies
A. Very Short / 1-Mark Questions
1). What is Environmental Studies? [GU BCom: 2023, 2024]
2). Define ecology. Who coined the term “ecology”? [GU BCom: 2022, 2023]
3). What is meant by environment? [GU BCom: 2014, 2023]
4). Mention two importance of environmental studies. [GU BCom: 2022, 2024]
5). What is sustainable development? [GU BCom: 2015, 2017, 2024]
6). What are renewable resources? Give one example. [GU BCom: 2016, 2024]
7). Give one example of non-renewable resources. [GU BCom: 2015, 2024]
8). What are common property resources? [Added from syllabus]
9). What is meant by “Tragedy of Commons”? [Added from syllabus]
10). What is global warming? [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
11). What is climate change? [Added from syllabus]
12). What do you mean by sustainable resource management? [Added from syllabus]
13). What is a Red Data Book? [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022]
14). Mention any two renewable resources. [GU BCom: 2016, 2024]
15). Mention any two non-renewable resources. [GU BCom: 2024]
16). Define the term “natural resources.” [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2016]
17). Name any two causes of global warming. [Added from syllabus]
18). What is meant by sustainable use of resources? [Added from syllabus]
19). Define the term “development.” [Added for conceptual clarity]
20). What are the components of environment? [GU BCom: 2014]
B. Short Answer / 2-Mark Questions
1). Mention the scope of environmental studies. [Added from syllabus]
2). What are the objectives of environmental studies? [Added from syllabus]
3). What is meant by common property resources? Explain briefly. [Added from syllabus]
4). What is the Tragedy of Commons? Give one example. [Added from syllabus]
5). Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources. [GU BCom: 2016, 2024]
6). What are the causes of climate change? [Added from syllabus]
7). Write a short note on global warming. [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
8). What do you mean by natural resources? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
9). What are the different types of natural resources? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014]
10). What are the major components of the environment? [GU BCom: 2014]
11). Write a short note on sustainable development. [GU BCom: 2015, 2017, 2022]
12). Mention the role of human beings in environmental protection. [Added from syllabus]
13). What are the global environmental challenges? [Added from syllabus]
14). What are the three basic concepts of environment? [Added from syllabus]
C. Medium-Length / 5-Mark Questions
1). Discuss the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. [GU BCom: 2012, 2023, 2024]
2). Explain the scope and importance of environmental studies. [GU BCom: 2023, 2024]
3). Define natural resources. How are they classified? Give examples. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2023]
4). Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources with examples. [GU BCom: 2016, 2024]
5). Explain the concept of common property resources with examples. [Added from syllabus]
6). Explain the Tragedy of Commons. How does it relate to environmental problems? [Added from syllabus]
7). Define sustainable development. Explain its importance in the present context. [GU BCom: 2015, 2017, 2022, 2024]
8). What is global warming? Discuss its causes and effects. [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
9). Explain the concept of climate change and its impacts. [Added from syllabus]
10). Discuss the need for environmental awareness and education. [Added from syllabus]
11). Discuss the relationship between humans and the environment. [Added from syllabus]
12). Explain the meaning and objectives of environmental studies. [GU BCom: 2023, 2024]
13). What are the main challenges to environmental management? [Added from syllabus]
14). Write a short note on “Sustainable Resource Management.” [Added from syllabus]
D. Long Answer / 10-Mark Questions
1). Discuss the multidisciplinary nature, scope, and importance of environmental studies. [GU BCom: 2012, 2023, 2024]
2). Define natural resources and explain their classification with suitable examples. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2016]
3). What are renewable and non-renewable resources? Explain their significance with examples. [GU BCom: 2016, 2024]
4). Discuss the concept and evolution of sustainable development. Why is it significant today? [GU BCom: 2012, 2015, 2017]
5). Explain the concept of global warming and climate change as major global environmental issues. [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
6). Discuss common property resources and the Tragedy of Commons. Suggest measures for sustainable use. [Added from syllabus]
7). Describe the interrelationship between human beings and the natural environment. [Added from syllabus]
8). Explain the key environmental challenges faced globally and their possible solutions. [Added from syllabus]
9). Discuss how environmental education helps in sustainable development. [Added from syllabus]
E. Additional Enrichment Topics (From Full Syllabus Coverage)
a). Concept of “Sustainable Resource Use”
b). Concept of “Carrying Capacity” of Earth
c). Meaning of “Resource Conservation”
d). Importance of “Environmental Awareness Campaigns”
e). Role of individual in environmental conservation
f). Need for global cooperation for sustainable development
g). Role of youth in environmental protection
Unit 2: Ecosystems
A. Very Short / 1-Mark Questions
1). What is an ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2023]
2). Who coined the term “ecosystem”? [GU BCom: 2015]
3). What is ecology? [GU BCom: 2022, 2023]
4). Differentiate between ecology and ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2022]
5). What are biotic components of an ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
6). What are abiotic components of an ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
7). Give one example of a producer in an ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2024]
8). What are decomposers? [GU BCom: 2024]
9). What is food chain? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2023, 2024]
10). What is food web? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2024]
11). What is ecological pyramid? [GU BCom: 2016, 2017, 2022]
12). What is ecological succession? [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2024]
13). What is energy flow in an ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022, 2024]
14). Mention two examples of natural ecosystems. [Added from syllabus]
15). Mention two examples of artificial ecosystems. [Added from syllabus]
16). What is a forest ecosystem? [Added from syllabus]
17). What is a grassland ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2015 (Pampas reference)]
18). What is an aquatic ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2023]
19). Give one example of a mountain ecosystem. [Added from syllabus]
20). What is the difference between natural and artificial ecosystems? [GU BCom: 2024]
B. Short Answer / 2-Mark Questions
1). Define the ecosystem and mention its components. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
2). What is the difference between ecology and ecosystem? [GU BCom: 2022]
3). Explain biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
4). What are producers, consumers and decomposers? [GU BCom: 2024]
5). What do you mean by food chain and food web? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2024]
6). Define ecological succession. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2024]
7). What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem? [Added from syllabus]
8). What do you mean by energy flow? [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022, 2024]
9). Explain pyramid of energy briefly. [GU BCom: 2017, 2022]
10). Distinguish between grazing and detritus food chain. [GU BCom: 2017]
11). Define ecosystem stability. [Added from syllabus]
12). What is meant by ecosystem balance? [Added from syllabus]
C. Medium-Length / 5-Mark Questions
1). Define and explain the structure and function of an ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2023]
2). Describe the components of an ecosystem with suitable examples. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2023]
3). Explain the flow of energy in an ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022, 2024]
4). Explain the terms food chain, food web and trophic levels. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2024]
5). What are ecological pyramids? Explain their types. [GU BCom: 2016, 2017, 2022]
6). What is ecological succession? Explain the process with an example. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2024]
7). Differentiate between natural and artificial ecosystems with examples. [GU BCom: 2024]
8). Explain briefly about biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
9). Discuss the importance of energy flow and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. [Added from syllabus]
10). Write a short note on balance and stability of ecosystems. [Added from syllabus]
11). Write short notes on:
a) Producers and consumers
b) Food web
c) Pyramid of energy [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022, 2024]
12). Write a note on interdependence among organisms in an ecosystem. [Added from syllabus]
D. Long Answer / 10-Mark Questions
1). Define ecosystem. Explain its structure and functions in detail. [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, 2017]
2). Explain the energy flow models in an ecosystem. Why are some pyramids upright and others inverted? [GU BCom: 2016, 2017]
3). Discuss the structure, components and functioning of an ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, 2023, 2024]
4). Explain the various types of ecosystems with examples. [GU BCom: 2016, 2017, Added: syllabus requirement]
5). Discuss the features of forest, grassland, aquatic and mountain ecosystems. [Added from syllabus]
6). What is ecological succession? Describe its stages and types with examples. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2024]
7). What is energy flow? Describe with diagrams the unidirectional flow of energy in an ecosystem. [GU BCom: 2012, 2016, 2017, 2024]
8). Compare the structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, Added from syllabus]
9). Discuss how human activities affect ecosystem balance. [Added from syllabus]
10). Explain the role of the ecosystem in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. [Added from syllabus]
E. Case Study / Application-Based (As per Syllabus)
1). Describe a forest ecosystem and its major components. [Added from syllabus]
2). Describe a grassland ecosystem (e.g., Pampas, Savannah). [GU BCom: 2015]
3). Describe an aquatic ecosystem (pond, lake, or river). [GU BCom: 2015, 2016, 2023]
4). Describe a mountain ecosystem and its significance. [Added from syllabus]
5). Discuss one case study showing interdependence in any ecosystem. [Added from syllabus]
F. Additional Important Topics (for Complete Coverage)
a). Structure and function of pond ecosystem
b). Concept of food chain and energy transfer efficiency
c). Role of sunlight in ecosystem energy flow
d). Importance of decomposers in nutrient cycling
e). Ecological balance and disturbance
f). Types of ecosystems – natural & artificial
g). Concept of ecosystem productivity
h). Significance of ecosystem studies in sustainable development
Unit 3: Environmental Pollution and Laws
A. Very Short / 1-Mark Questions
1). What is pollution? [Added from syllabus]
2). Define environmental pollution. [Added from syllabus]
3). Mention any two types of environmental pollution. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2022]
4). What is air pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2023, 2024]
5). What is water pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2024]
6). What is soil pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017]
7). What is noise pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2016, 2024]
8). What is solid waste? [GU BCom: 2014, 2015]
9). What is solid waste management? [GU BCom: 2014]
10). What is Bhopal Gas Tragedy? [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022]
11). What is Minamata disease? [GU BCom: 2016, 2022]
12). What is Itai-Itai disease? [GU BCom: 2015]
13). What is biomagnification? [GU BCom: 2016, 2017]
14). What is acid rain? [GU BCom: 2017, 2023]
15). What is global warming? [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
16). What is ozone layer depletion? [Added from syllabus]
17). What is the full form of EPA? [Added from syllabus]
18). What is the Environment (Protection) Act? [GU BCom: 2023]
19). When was the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act passed? [GU BCom: 2022]
20). When was the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act passed? [GU BCom: 2022]
21). When was the Wildlife Protection Act enacted? [GU BCom: 2022, 2024]
22). When was the Forest Conservation Act passed? [Added from syllabus]
23). What is the main objective of the Environment Protection Act, 1986? [GU BCom: 2023]
24). What are greenhouse gases? [GU BCom: 2017, 2022, 2023, 2024]
25). What is noise level measured in? [Added from syllabus]
26). Mention one international environmental treaty. [Added from syllabus]
27). What is Kyoto Protocol? [GU BCom: 2024]
28). What is meant by Montreal Protocol? [Added from syllabus]
B. Short Answer / 2-Mark Questions
1). What are the main causes of air pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023, 2024]
2). Mention the effects of air pollution. [GU BCom: 2015, 2017, 2024]
3). What are the causes of water pollution? [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2024]
4). What are the harmful effects of water pollution? [GU BCom: 2014, 2023]
5). What are the sources of soil pollution? [GU BCom: 2017]
6). State two effects of soil pollution. [Added from syllabus]
7). Mention the sources and effects of noise pollution. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2024]
8). Write two measures to control noise pollution. [GU BCom: 2024]
9). What are solid wastes? [GU BCom: 2014, 2015]
10). Mention two methods of solid waste management. [GU BCom: 2014, 2015]
11). What are the objectives of solid waste management? [Added from syllabus]
12). State any two features of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. [GU BCom: 2023]
13). Write any two features of the Air Act, 1981. [GU BCom: 2022]
14). Write any two features of the Water Act, 1974. [GU BCom: 2022]
15). State two provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. [GU BCom: 2022, 2024]
16). Mention two provisions of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. [Added from syllabus]
17). What is the main objective of Kyoto Protocol? [GU BCom: 2024]
18). Mention two international agreements on environmental protection. [Added from syllabus]
19). What are the effects of industrial waste? [GU BCom: 2024]
20). What is meant by environmental law? [Added from syllabus]
C. Medium-Length / 5-Mark Questions
1). Define environmental pollution and describe its types. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
2). Explain the causes, effects, and control of air pollution. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2024]
3). What is water pollution? Discuss its main causes and effects. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2024]
4). Discuss the sources and effects of soil pollution. [GU BCom: 2017, Added from syllabus]
5). Define noise pollution. Explain the measures to control noise pollution. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2024]
6). What is solid waste? Discuss its sources and management methods. [GU BCom: 2014, 2015]
7). Explain the importance of solid waste management. [GU BCom: 2014, 2015]
8). Write a note on global warming and its effects. [GU BCom: 2017, 2024]
9). What is acid rain? Describe its effects. [GU BCom: 2017, 2023]
10). Discuss the causes and consequences of ozone layer depletion. [Added from syllabus]
11). Write a note on the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. [GU BCom: 2023]
12). Explain the main provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. [GU BCom: 2022]
13). Explain the objectives of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. [GU BCom: 2022]
14). Write a short note on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. [GU BCom: 2022, 2024]
15). Write a note on the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. [GU BCom: 2024]
16). Write short notes on:
a) Minamata disease
b) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
c) Acid rain
d) Biomagnification [GU BCom: 2016, 2017, 2022]
17). What is the Kyoto Protocol? Explain its importance. [GU BCom: 2024]
18). Write short notes on international environmental treaties:
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Earth Summit 1992 [Added from syllabus]
D. Long Answer / 10-Mark Questions
1). What is environmental pollution? Discuss its types, causes, and control measures. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2023]
2). What is air pollution? Discuss its sources, effects, and control. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2017, 2024]
3). Define water pollution. Discuss the causes, effects, and control of water pollution. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2024]
4). What is noise pollution? Explain the causes and preventive measures. [GU BCom: 2012, 2014, 2024]
5). What is solid waste management? Discuss the control measures for urban and industrial waste. [GU BCom: 2014, 2015, Added from syllabus]
6). Discuss various environmental laws in India. [GU BCom: 2023, 2024]
7). Describe the key provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. [GU BCom: 2023]
8). Explain the important provisions of the Air Act (1981) and Water Act (1974). [GU BCom: 2022]
9). Write an essay on Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and Forest Conservation Act, 1980. [GU BCom: 2024]
10). Discuss the major international agreements and treaties on environmental protection. [Added from syllabus]
11). Explain the importance of environmental laws in sustainable development. [Added from syllabus]
12). Discuss global environmental problems like acid rain, global warming, and ozone depletion. [GU BCom: 2017, 2023, 2024]
13). Describe the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and its impact on environmental policy in India. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022]
14). Explain the need and importance of pollution control laws in India. [Added from syllabus]
E. Case Study / Application-Based Topics
1). The Bhopal Gas Tragedy and its lessons. [GU BCom: 2012, 2017, 2022]
2). Minamata Disease (Japan): Causes and effects. [GU BCom: 2016, 2022]
3). Itai-Itai Disease (Japan): Cause and preventive measures. [GU BCom: 2015]
4). Case study on water pollution in river Ganga or Brahmaputra. [Added from syllabus]
5). Industrial waste management and recycling (case-based). [Added from syllabus]
F. Additional Key Topics (From Full Syllabus)
a). Meaning, causes, and types of environmental pollution
b). Effects of pollution on human health and ecosystems
c). Control measures of air, water, soil, and noise pollution
d). Solid waste management (urban & industrial)
e). Overview of Indian environmental laws
f). Environment Protection Act, 1986
g). Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974
h). Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
i). Forest Conservation Act, 1980
j). International agreements and treaties:
– Kyoto Protocol
– Montreal Protocol
– Earth Summit 1992
– Paris Agreement 2015
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