Assam Board Class 11 Logic and Philosophy – Unit 5: Philosophy MCQs and Complete Solution
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Group-B: Philosophy
Marks: 40
Unit-5
Marks: 10
The short and long questions from this chapter given in the last 10 years are:
Give a definition of Epistemology.
"Philosophy studies only the metaphysical problems" — Is this statement correct? (1 mark, 2011) ✅ (2 mark, 2011) ✅
Mention any one difference between philosophy and science.
What is Metaphysics? (1 mark, 2012) ✅ (2 mark, 2012, 2014) ✅
State three characteristics of science. (3 mark, 2012) ✅
What are the main branches of philosophy? (3 mark, 2012, 2013, 2016) ✅ (4 mark, 2012, 2015) ✅ (4 mark, 2014, 2015) ✅
Write a short note on Axiology.
Write shortly about Epistemology.
Describe briefly the relation between philosophy and metaphysics. (6 mark, 2016) ✅
Explain briefly the relation between philosophy and science. (6 mark, 2016) ✅
Define philosophy. State the nature of philosophy. (4 mark, 2017) ✅
Explain three points of difference between philosophy and metaphysics. (6 mark, 2016) ✅
What do you mean by Axiology? Briefly discuss its relation to philosophy. (2+4=6 mark, 2018) ✅
Analyse the etymological meaning of the word 'Metaphysics'. (2 mark, 2018) ✅
State any points of similarity between philosophy and science. (2 mark, 2018) ✅
MCQs
1. The word” philosophy” is derived from which language?
(i) English.
(ii) Latin.
(iii) Greek.
(iv) Italian.
Ans: (iii) Greek.
2. The word “Philosophy” is derived from which two Greek words?
(i) Philos and Love.
(ii) Philos and Sophia.
(iii) Both (i) and (ii).
(iv) None of the above.
Ans: (ii) Philos and Sophia.
3. How many types of Philosophy are there?
(i) 3
(ii) 4
(iii) 6
(iv) 8
Ans: (ii) 4
4. What does the word “Philos” mean?
(i) Knowledge.
(ii) Love.
(iii) Phenomenal.
(iv) Truth.
Ans: (ii) Love.
5. What does “Sophia” mean?
(i) Knowledge or wisdom.
(ii) Love.
(iii) Truth.
(iv) Reality.
Ans: (i) Knowledge or wisdom
6. The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and _____________.
(i) Bioethics.
(ii) Logic.
(iii) Aesthetics.
(iv) Categorical logic.
Ans: (ii) Logic.
7. The external aspect of the world, as per philosophy, is called:
(i) Truth.
(ii) Appearance.
(iii) Logic.
(iv) External.
Ans: (ii) Appearance.
8. Who is the father of philosophy?
(i) Socrates.
(ii) Plato.
(iii) Aristotle.
(iv) None of the above.
Ans: (i) Socrates.
9. Philosophy deals with the universe as a:
(i) Part.
(ii) Whole.
(iii) Phenomenon.
(iv) Knowledge.
Ans: (ii) Whole.
10. Idealism is a systematic philosophy that teaches the supremacy of _____________?
(i) Spirit over matter.
(ii) Soumena.
(iii) God.
(iv) Materialism.
Ans: (i) Spirit over matter.
11. Who said a man is the measure of all things?
(i) Protagoras.
(ii) Socrates.
(iii) St Augustine.
(iv) Aristotle.
Ans: (i) Protagoras.
12. Which of the following is a formal science?
(i) Zoology.
(ii) Mathematics.
(iii) Botany.
(iv) Economics.
Ans: (ii) Mathematics.
13. Branch in philosophy that is concerned with beauty and art:
(i) Epistemology.
(ii) Ethics.
(iii) Aesthetics.
(iv) Metaphysics.
Ans: (iii) Aesthetics.
14. What is the aim of both philosophy and science?
(i) Observation.
(ii) Search for knowledge and truth.
(iii) Religious exploration.
(iv) Technological advancements.
Ans: (ii) Search for knowledge and truth.
15. Major in philosophy that stresses individual existence, freedom, and choice.
(i) Politics.
(ii) Ontology.
(iii) Ethics.
(iv) Existentialism.
Ans: (iv) Existentialism.
Questions and Answers (1 Mark Each)
'Philosophy studies only the metaphysical problems' — Is this statement correct? (1 mark, 2011) ✅
Ans: Correct.Mention any one difference between philosophy and science. (1 mark, 2012) ✅
Ans: Philosophy is synthetic, but science is analytic.What are the root words of 'Philosophy'? (1 mark)
Ans: Philos and Sophia.What is the meaning of 'Philos'? (1 mark)
Ans: Love.What is the meaning of 'Sophia'? (1 mark)
Ans: Knowledge.From which Greek words does 'Epistemology' come? (1 mark)
Ans: Episteme and Logos.What is the meaning of the word 'Episteme'? (1 mark)
Ans: Knowledge.What is the meaning of the word 'Logos'? (1 mark)
Ans: Science.From which Greek words does the word 'Metaphysics' come? (1 mark)
Ans: Meta and Physics.What is the meaning of the word 'Meta'? (1 mark)
Ans: After.What is the meaning of the word 'Physics'? (1 mark)
Ans: Science.Name the book of Locke which concerns epistemology. (1 mark)
Ans: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.Name the philosopher who says that the relation between philosophy and science is like the relation between the soul and the body. (1 mark)
Ans: Weber.Name the writer who wrote The Critique of Pure Reason. (1 mark)
Ans: Immanuel Kant.What is the subject matter of Axiology? (1 mark)
Ans: Critical evaluation.What is the subject matter of Epistemology? (1 mark)
Ans: Knowledge.What is the subject matter of Metaphysics? (1 mark)
Ans: Transcendental realities.Science tries to give knowledge of the world as a whole — is it true? (1 mark)
Ans: True.Which country does Plato belong to? (1 mark)
Ans: Greece.Is philosophical study synthetic or analytic? (1 mark)
Ans: Synthetic.Does logical positivism accept metaphysical realities? (1 mark)
Ans: No, it does not accept them.Does philosophy study the whole world? (1 mark)
Ans: Yes.Does philosophy simply study metaphysical problems? (1 mark)
Ans: No.Which country does Kant belong to? (1 mark)
Ans: Germany.
Questions and Answers (Marks: 2)
Give a definition of Epistemology. (2 mark, 2011) ✅
Ans: The study about the origin, nature, condition, limitation, and scope of knowledge is called Epistemology.What is Metaphysics? (2 mark, 2012, 2014) ✅
Ans: The study about the reality of the universe is called Metaphysics.Define Philosophy. (2 mark)
Ans: Philosophy is the study of the universe as a whole with correct reasoning and its evaluation.What is Science? (2 mark)
Ans: Science is the analytic and systematic study of particular phenomena of nature.Define Axiology. (2 mark)
Ans: The branch of philosophy which deals with the problem of value is called Axiology.Name two Greek philosophers. (2 mark)
Ans: Aristotle, Plato.What are the main branches of philosophy? (2 mark)
Ans:
i) Epistemology
ii) Metaphysics
iii) AxiologyMention any two differences between philosophy and science. (2 mark, 2018) ✅
Ans:
i) Science gives us knowledge of the external world, but philosophy gives us the knowledge of the whole universe.
ii) The method of philosophy is empirical, speculative, deductive, and inductive, whereas science only uses empirical and inductive methods.Mention any two similarities between philosophy and science. (2 mark)
Ans:
i) Both philosophy and science have the same aim of systematic explanation of the world.
ii) Both philosophy and science provide systematic and rational analysis.Explain the etymological meaning of the word 'Philosophy'. (2 mark)
Ans: Philosophy comes from two Greek words—'Philo' and 'Sophia'. Philo means love, and Sophia means knowledge or wisdom. Thus, from an etymological point, philosophy means "love of wisdom."State the etymological meaning of the word 'Metaphysics'. (2 mark, 2018) ✅
Ans: The word 'Metaphysics' comes from the Greek words Meta and Physika.Meta means after, and Physika means physics (matter).
Thus, Metaphysics means "what comes after physics."
Explain the etymological meaning of the word 'Epistemology'. (2 mark)
Ans: The word 'Epistemology' is derived from two Greek words—Episteme and Logos.Episteme means knowledge, and Logos means science.
So, Epistemology means "the science of knowledge."
State any two kinds of relations between philosophy and metaphysics. (2 mark)
Ans:
i) For the completion of philosophical aspiration, the knowledge of metaphysics is required.
ii) Metaphysics is organically related to philosophy.State two differences between philosophy and metaphysics. (2 mark)
Ans:
i) The scope of philosophy is wider than that of metaphysics.
ii) Philosophy deals with both empirical and transcendental subjects, whereas metaphysics deals only with transcendental subjects.
Questions and Answers in Detail (Marks: 3/4)
1. State three characteristics of science. (3 mark, 2012) ✅
Ans: The three main characteristics of science are:
i) Science is concerned with the acquisition of knowledge.
ii) Science aims at knowledge for its own sake.
iii) Science aims at discovering universal laws that govern particular facts.
2. What are the main branches of philosophy? (3 mark, 2012, 2013, 2016) ✅
Ans: The three main branches of philosophy are:
i) Ontology or Metaphysics – The study of reality and existence.
ii) Epistemology – The study of knowledge, its origin, nature, and limits.
iii) Axiology – The study of values, including ethics and aesthetics.
3. Write shortly about Epistemology. (3 mark)
Ans:
i) Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.
ii) The word ‘Epistemology’ comes from two Greek words – Episteme (knowledge) and Logos (science or study).
iii) Epistemology means the science of knowledge.
iv) As a branch of philosophy, epistemology inquires into the nature, origin, sources, conditions, and limits of knowledge.
4. Write a short note on Axiology. (4 mark, 2012, 2015) ✅
Ans:
i) Axiology is a branch of philosophy that deals with values.
ii) It is also known as the theory of values.
iii) Axiology studies different types of values, including moral, aesthetic, and social values.
iv) In Axiology, there are three highest values of human life: Truth, Beauty, and Goodness.
5. Write a short note on Metaphysics. (4 mark)
Ans:
i) Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality and existence.
ii) It is also known as the theory of Being or Reality.
iii) The word 'Metaphysics' comes from two Greek words – Meta (after) and Physika (physics), meaning "after physics."
iv) Metaphysics is also called Ontology, which is derived from two Greek words – Onto (being or reality) and Logos (science or study).
v) Metaphysics or Ontology consists of three parts:
1. Ontology of Nature – Study of the physical universe.
2. Ontology of the Soul or Mind – Study of consciousness and personal identity.
3. Ontology of the Absolute – Study of the ultimate reality, including God and transcendence.
6. Define philosophy. State the nature of philosophy and explain in detail. (4 mark)
Ans:
i) Philosophy is the study of the universe as a whole, using correct reasoning and logical evaluation.
ii) The term ‘Philosophy’ comes from the Greek words Philo (love) and Sophia (wisdom), meaning "love of wisdom."
Nature of Philosophy:
i) Philosophy is the synthesis of the sciences – It integrates knowledge from various disciplines to provide a unified understanding of reality.
ii) Philosophy is the logical study of the foundations of science – It examines the assumptions, principles, and methods of different fields of study.
iii) Philosophy deals with fundamental questions – It explores topics like existence, morality, knowledge, and the nature of reality.
iv) Philosophy is both theoretical and practical – While it seeks theoretical understanding, it also provides practical insights into human life and ethics.
Here’s your expanded version of the 6-mark questions and answers, ensuring deeper explanations and better readability:
Questions and Answers (Marks: 6 each)
1. Describe briefly the relation between philosophy and metaphysics. (6 mark, 2016) ✅
Ans:
Philosophy and metaphysics are deeply interconnected, as metaphysics is one of the main branches of philosophy. Their relationship can be understood as follows:
i) Metaphysics as a Branch of Philosophy – Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy because it deals with fundamental questions about reality, existence, and the nature of the universe. It helps philosophy explore issues beyond the physical world.
ii) Metaphysics Studies the Nature of Reality – Philosophy raises profound questions such as: What is reality? How is it possible? What exists beyond the empirical world? Metaphysics provides the theoretical framework to discuss these issues.
iii) Relation to Spiritual and Transcendental Realities – While science focuses on the material world, metaphysics explores spiritual, abstract, and transcendental realities such as the soul, mind, and consciousness. This makes it essential to philosophical inquiry.
iv) Foundation for Other Philosophical Disciplines – Metaphysical discussions influence epistemology (the study of knowledge) and axiology (the study of values). For example, metaphysical beliefs about reality impact ethical theories and concepts of truth.
v) Philosophy Uses Metaphysics to Answer Fundamental Questions – Questions like What is the nature of existence? How does the world exist? What is the origin of creation? are metaphysical in nature but are essential to philosophy as a whole.
vi) Different Schools of Thought in Metaphysics – Philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Heidegger have developed metaphysical systems to explain the structure of reality, making it an essential aspect of philosophy.
2. Explain briefly the relation between philosophy and science. (6 marks, 2016) ✅
Ans:
The relationship between philosophy and science is historically and conceptually deep, as both aim to understand reality and discover truth.
i) Common Goal: Understanding the World – The primary aim of both philosophy and science is to provide a systematic explanation of the world. Science studies the physical world through observation and experiment, while philosophy seeks deeper meaning and logical reasoning.
ii) Search for Knowledge and Truth – Both disciplines aim to acquire true knowledge about existence, nature, and reality. Philosophy questions the nature of knowledge (epistemology), and science verifies knowledge through empirical methods.
iii) Systematic and Rational Analysis – Science and philosophy both follow a logical and methodical approach to understanding reality. Science relies on empirical methods, whereas philosophy uses rational argumentation and conceptual analysis.
iv) Dependence on Reasoning – In both fields, reasoning plays a crucial role in establishing facts, validating theories, and drawing conclusions. While science relies on experimental verification, philosophy uses deductive and inductive reasoning.
v) Interdependence of Science and Philosophy – Many scientific theories have philosophical origins. For example, Newton’s laws of motion and Einstein’s relativity were influenced by philosophical ideas about space, time, and causality.
vi) Different yet Complementary Approaches – While science asks "How?" about natural phenomena, philosophy asks "Why?" For example, science studies brain activity, whereas philosophy questions the nature of consciousness.
3. Explain three points of difference between philosophy and metaphysics. (6 mark, 2016) ✅
Ans:
Though metaphysics is a branch of philosophy, there are key differences between the two:
i) Scope and Subject Matter –
Philosophy is broader and covers multiple fields, including metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and ethics.
Metaphysics focuses only on the nature of existence and reality, making it a subset of philosophy.
ii) Empirical vs. Transcendental Inquiry –
Philosophy studies both empirical (observable) and transcendental (beyond observation) questions.
Metaphysics deals only with transcendental matters, such as the soul, God, and ultimate reality.
iii) Main Areas of Study –
Philosophy consists of three major branches:
Epistemology (Study of knowledge)
Ontology/Metaphysics (Study of being and existence)
Axiology (Study of values)
Metaphysics, in contrast, consists of three parts:
Ontology of Nature (Physical universe)
Ontology of the Soul (Mind, consciousness)
Ontology of the Absolute (God, ultimate reality)
Thus, philosophy is a broader intellectual discipline, while metaphysics is one of its core branches focusing on fundamental existential questions.
4. What is philosophy? Mention three points of similarity between philosophy and science. (2+4 = 6 mark, 2018) ✅
Ans:
Philosophy is the systematic study of the universe as a whole. It aims to understand ultimate reality, human existence, knowledge, ethics, and the meaning of life. It explores fundamental questions about reality and existence through reasoning and critical thinking.
Similarities Between Philosophy and Science:
i) Both aim at a systematic explanation of the world – Science explains physical phenomena, while philosophy seeks a deeper understanding of reality.
ii) Both require systematic and rational analysis – Scientific theories must be logically sound, and philosophical arguments must be coherent and well-reasoned.
iii) Both depend on reasoning to determine truth –
Science uses experimental evidence to verify facts.
Philosophy relies on logic and critical thinking to establish principles.
iv) Philosophy influences scientific progress – Many scientific ideas were originally philosophical questions. For example, the idea of atoms began in Greek philosophy before becoming a scientific theory.
Thus, philosophy and science are closely related fields that enhance human knowledge in different but complementary ways.
5. What do you mean by Axiology? Briefly discuss its relation to philosophy. (6 mark) ✅
Ans:
Axiology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the study of values. It explores concepts of morality, aesthetics, and ethics, helping us understand what is right, good, and beautiful.
Relation Between Axiology and Philosophy:
i) Axiology as a Branch of Philosophy – Since philosophy is concerned with understanding fundamental truths, axiology helps explore ethical, aesthetic, and social values that define human life.
ii) Concern with Fundamental Human Values – Axiology is concerned with three primary values:
Truth (Knowledge and logic)
Beauty (Aesthetics and art)
Goodness (Ethics and morality)
iii) Influence on Ethics and Aesthetics – Axiology is essential in moral philosophy (ethics) and philosophy of art (aesthetics), helping us define what is morally right or wrong and what is beautiful.
iv) Philosophy of Religion and Axiology – Religious philosophy, which studies concepts like holiness, faith, and divinity, also falls under axiology, as it evaluates spiritual and moral values.
v) Application in Society – Axiology influences law, politics, education, and culture, shaping human rights, justice, and social ethics.
Thus, axiology is a vital part of philosophy that helps us understand and appreciate the values that guide human life and society.
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