Assam Board Class 11 Logic and Philosophy – Unit 6: Indian Philosophy MCQs and Complete Solution
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Unit-6
Marks: 10
Indian Philosophy
The short and long questions from this chapter given in the last 10 years are:
Which school of Indian philosophy is known as 'Lokayates'? (1 mark, 2011) ✅
State any three general characteristics of Indian philosophy. (3 mark, 2011, 2012) ✅
According to which Indian philosophical system only the material is real? (2 mark, 2012) ✅
What do you mean by non-vedic philosophy? (2 mark, 2012) ✅
How many systems are there in Indian philosophy? (1 mark, 2013) ✅
What are the different non-vedic schools of Indian philosophy? (3 mark, 2013) ✅
Write two characteristics of Indian philosophy. (2 mark, 2018) ✅
Write a short note on non-vedic Carvaka philosophy. (4 mark, 2014) ✅
Give the classification of the Indian philosophical system. (4 mark, 2018) ✅
Briefly explain any six common characteristics of Indian philosophy. (6 mark, 2011, 2015) ✅
Briefly discuss the nature of Indian philosophy. (6 mark, 2011, 2015) ✅
Mention four points of difference between Vedic and non-Vedic philosophy. (4 mark, 2016) ✅
"One of the characteristics of Indian philosophy is practical necessity." State one reason in support of the statement. (2 mark, 2017) ✅
Name any two non-vedic systems of Indian philosophy. (2 mark, 2016, 2017) ✅
Explain any two important features of Indian philosophy. (4 mark, 2017) ✅
Who is the founder of Vaisesika Philosophy? (1 mark, 2014) ✅
Name any two Vedic systems in Indian philosophy. (2 mark, 2016) ✅
Mention one characteristic of Indian philosophy. (1 mark)
Who is the founder of Vaisesika Philosophy? (1 mark, 2018) ✅
MCQs
1. What is the meaning of the term ‘Darsana’ in Indian philosophy?
(i) A school of thought.
(ii) Philosophy.
(iii) Religion.
(iv) Tradition.
Ans: (ii) Philosophy.
2. The term ‘Darsana’ is derived from the Sanskrit root ‘Dris’, which means:
(i) To hear.
(ii) To speak.
(iii) To see or perceive.
(iv) To think.
Ans: (iii) To see or perceive.
3. Indian philosophy is described as a synthesis of:
(i) Materialism and idealism.
(ii) Idealism and reality.
(iii) Religion and politics.
(iv) Truth and error.
Ans: (ii) Idealism and reality.
4. What does Indian philosophy aim to understand?
(i) Knowledge of intellectual enquiry.
(ii) Ultimate reality.
(iii) Theoretical knowledge of the world.
(iv) Material success.
Ans: (ii) Ultimate reality.
5. In Indian philosophy, knowledge through inner vision is called:
(i) Perceptual knowledge.
(ii) Intellectual knowledge.
(iii) True knowledge or Darsana.
(iv) Empirical knowledge.
Ans: (iii) True knowledge or Darsana.
6. Indian philosophy is described as a synthesis of:
(i) Materialism and idealism.
(ii) Idealism and reality.
(iii) Religion and politics.
(iv) Truth and error.
Ans: (ii) Idealism and reality.
7. According to Indian philosophy, the highest end of human life is:
(i) Knowledge.
(ii) Moksa (Liberation).
(iii) Material success.
(iv) Intellectual growth.
Ans: (ii) Moksa (Liberation).
8. The practices essential for achieving self-realisation in Indian philosophy include all of the following except:
(i) Purity of mind.
(ii) Sense control.
(iii) Strict practice of moral rules.
(iv) Intellectual debate.
Ans: (iv) Intellectual debate.
9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a branch of philosophy thoroughly discussed in Indian philosophy?
(i) Metaphysics.
(ii) Epistemology.
(iii) Biology.
(iv) Ethics.
Ans: (iii) Biology.
10. How does Indian philosophy differ from Western philosophy in terms of its approach?
(i) Indian philosophy is more theoretical.
(ii) Indian philosophy is a way of life, integrating theory with practice.
(iii) Indian philosophy ignores spiritual practice.
(iv) Indian philosophy is only concerned with intellectual enquiry.
Ans: (ii) Indian philosophy is a way of life, integrating theory with practice.
11. Which of the following texts is regarded as a summary of the teachings of the Upanishads?
(i) The Bhagavad Gita.
(ii) The Ramayana.
(iii) The Mahabharata.
(iv) The Rg Veda.
Ans: (i) The Bhagavad Gita.
12. The Vedas are associated with which of the following?
(i) The teachings of Buddha.
(ii) Metaphysical doctrines of the Upanishads.
(iii) The legal codes of ancient India.
(iv) The concepts of Karma and Moksha.
Ans: (ii) Metaphysical doctrines of the Upanishads.
13. The Vedas are considered the earliest sources of Indian philosophy. The term ‘Veda’ comes from the Sanskrit root ‘Vid,’ which means:
(i) Knowledge.
(ii) Wisdom.
(iii) Truth.
(iv) Reality.
Ans: (ii) Wisdom.
14. Which of the following schools of philosophy is an example of one that criticised the Vedas?
(i) Sankhya.
(ii) Yoga.
(iii) Carvaka.
(iv) Mimamsa.
Ans: (iii) Carvaka.
15. Which of the following schools of Indian philosophy developed completely free from the authority of the Vedas?
(i) Vedanta.
(ii) Nyaya.
(iii) Carvaka.
(iv) Buddha and Jaina.
Ans: (iv) Buddha and Jaina.
Questions and Answers: 1 Mark
Which school of Indian philosophy is known as 'Lokayates'? (2011)✅
Ans: Carvaka.How many systems are there in Indian philosophy?
Ans: Nine.Who is the founder of Vaisesika Philosophy?
Ans: Maharshi Kanad.What is the origin of the word 'Darshana'?
Ans: 'Dris'.Who was the founder of Nyaya Philosophy?
Ans: Gautama.Who was the founder of Samkhya Philosophy?
Ans: Kapil.Who was the founder of Yoga School?
Ans: Patanjali.Who is the founder of Mimamsa School?
Ans: Jaimini.Who was the founder of Vedanta System?
Ans: Badarayana.Who was the founder of Buddha Philosophy?
Ans: Gautama Buddha.Who was the founder of Carvaka School?
Ans: Brishaspati.Who was the founder of Jaina Philosophy?
Ans: Mahavira Jain.How many kinds of Pramana are there in Indian Philosophy?
Ans: Six (6).Name the Pramana accepted by Carvaka Philosophy.
Ans: Perception.Name the philosophical system that holds the Four Noble Truths.
Ans: Buddhist philosophical system.Is Buddha's philosophy Vedic or Non-Vedic?
Ans: Non-Vedic."Life is full of Pain" - Name the philosophy concerned with this statement.
Ans: Buddhist philosophy."Way of Nirvana" is a concept of which philosophy?
Ans: Buddhist philosophy.Is Jaina philosophy Non-Vedic?
Ans: Yes.Is Vedanta school a Vedic school?
Ans: Yes.Is Samkhya Philosophy a Vedic philosophical system?
Ans: Yes.Name the main text of Nyaya Philosophy.
Ans: Nyaya Sutra.Name the main text of Samkhya philosophy.
Ans: Samkhya Sutra.What is the name of the main text of Vaisesika School?
Ans: Vaisesika Sutra.Name the main text of Mimamsa School.
Ans: Mimamsa Sutra.State the main text of Vedanta philosophy.
Ans: Brahma Sutra.Name the main text of Buddhism.
Ans: Tripitaka.What is the root word of Samkhya?
Ans: Samkhya.What is the literal meaning of the word 'Yoga'?
Ans: Spiritual assimilation of the Jivatma and Paramatma.What is the root word of Vaisesika?
Ans: Particularity (Visesa).What is the literal meaning of the word Mimamsa?
Ans: Revered thought.
Questions and Answers (2 Marks Each)
What do you mean by Non-vedic Philosophy?
✅ (2 mark, 2012)
Ans. The system of Indian philosophy that does not believe in the authority of the Vedas is called Non-vedic Philosophy."One of the characteristics of Indian philosophy is practical necessity" - State one reason in support of the statement.
✅ (2 mark, 2012)
Ans. Indian philosophy is not only concerned with intellectual inquiry of truth, but also holds that this truth must be experienced in real life.Name any two Vedic systems in Indian philosophy.
✅ (2 mark, 2016)
Ans. Nyaya, Vaisesika.Name any two Non-Vedic systems in Indian philosophy.
Ans. Buddha, Jaina.Write two characteristics of Indian philosophy.
Ans.
i) Belief in an ultimate moral order.
ii) Spirituality.According to which Indian philosophical system only the material is real?
✅ (2 mark, 2012)
Ans. Carvaka.State any two main features of Indian philosophy.
Ans.
i) Synthetic justification.
ii) Tolerant and broad-minded.What are the two main divisions of Indian philosophy?
Ans.
i) Vedic
ii) Non-Vedic PhilosophyWho is the founder of the Samkhya system? Name the text of this system.
Ans. Kapila is the founder of this system.
Samkhya Sutra is the main text.What does Moksa or Liberation mean?
Ans. Liberation or Moksa means the eternal emancipation of Jivas from the cycle of birth and death.What do you mean by Nimitta Karana?
Ans. Nimitta Karana is that by which an effect is produced from material cause.What is Samavayi Karana?
Ans. Samavayi Karana is an element or material from which an effect is produced.What does Vedic Darshan mean?
Ans. Vedic Darshan means those Indian Philosophical Systems that believe in the authority of the Vedas.Name the writers of 'Nyaya Sutra' and 'Vaisesika Sutra'.
Ans.
Nyaya Sutra was written by Gautama.
Vaisesika Sutra was written by Kanada.Name the writers of 'Brahma Sutra' and 'Tripitaka'.
Ans.
Brahma Sutra was written by Badarayana.
Tripitaka was written by Buddhist monks.Name the two divisions of Jaina Philosophy.
Ans. Digambara and Svetambara.Write two jewels of Jainism.
Ans.
i) Right faith.
ii) Right knowledge.Who is the founder of Buddhist philosophy? Name the main text of this school.
Ans. Gautama Buddha is the founder of this philosophy.
Tripitaka is the main text of this school.What is bondage?
Ans. When the soul has to be reborn to exhaust the karmaphals, it is limited by space and time. This state of the soul is called bondage.What is rebirth?
Ans:According to the fruits of the present actions, jivas have to be reborn in future also. This is called the rebirth theory.
Questions and Answers (3/4 Marks Each)
State any three general characteristics of Indian philosophy.
✅ (3 mark, 2011, 2012)
Ans.
i) Influence of the Vedas in Indian philosophy
ii) Practical outlook
iii) SpiritualityWhat are the different Non-Vedic schools of Indian philosophy?
Ans. Carvaka, Jaina, Buddha.What are the Non-Vedic systems of Indian philosophy?
✅ (3 mark, 2013)
Ans. Carvaka, Jaina, Buddha.Write three jewels of Buddhism.
Ans.
i) Right faith
ii) Right action
iii) Right speechGive the classification of Indian philosophical systems.
✅ (4 mark, 2018)
Ans.
Astika (Vedic): Mimamsa, Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika
Nastika (Non-Vedic): Carvaka, Buddha, JainaMention four points of difference between Vedic and Non-Vedic philosophy.
✅ (4 mark, 2016)
Difference:
i) Vedic philosophy believes in the authority of the Vedas, while Non-Vedic philosophy does not.
ii) Vedic philosophy believes in the immortality of the soul, but Non-Vedic philosophy does not.
iii) Vedic philosophy believes in the law of karma, but Non-Vedic philosophy does not.
iv) Vedic philosophy is almost liberal, but Non-Vedic philosophy is rigorous.Explain any two important features of Indian Philosophy.
✅ (4 mark, 2017, 2018)
Ans.
i) Influence of the Vedas in Indian Philosophy – The Vedic philosophical system is based on the Vedas, while the Non-Vedic system, though rejecting the Vedas, is indirectly influenced by them.
ii) Belief in an Ultimate Moral Order – All Indian philosophical schools except Carvaka believe that the universe is governed by a moral law.Write a short note on Non-Vedic Carvaka philosophy.
✅ (4 mark, 2014)
Ans.
i) Carvaka is an extreme Non-Vedic philosophical system.
ii) Carvaka is the only materialistic Indian school.
iii) Carvaka does not believe in the existence of God because God cannot be verified by perception.
iv) Carvaka believes that perception is the only source of valid knowledge.
v) Carvaka’s main statement is: "Eat, drink, and be merry," which it considers the supreme ideal of human life.What are the Vedic and Non-Vedic systems of Indian Philosophy?
✅ (4 mark)
Ans.
Vedic systems: Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Mimamsa.
Non-Vedic systems: Carvaka, Buddha, Jaina.Write four characteristics of Indian philosophy.
✅ (4 mark)
Ans.
i) Faith in physical and moral laws
ii) Importance of knowledge
iii) Belief in Moksa and Bandhana
iv) SpiritualityWhat are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?
Ans.
i) There is suffering.
ii) There is a cause of suffering.
iii) There is a cessation of suffering.
iv) There is a way leading to the cessation of suffering.
Questions and Answers (6 Marks Each)
Briefly explain any six common characteristics of Indian Philosophy.
✅ (6 mark, 2011, 2015, 2018)
Ans. Indian philosophy has some fundamental characteristics that distinguish it from other philosophical traditions:
i) Essentiality of Practical Evidence – Indian philosophy is concerned with the practical aspects of life. Since the world is full of suffering, philosophical inquiry must provide real solutions to overcome it.
ii) Spirituality – Indian philosophy emphasizes spiritual growth. It believes that human beings are not just physical entities but also possess a spiritual essence that requires fulfillment.
iii) Human-Centered Approach – The focus of Indian philosophy is on human suffering, its causes, and its solutions. Philosophers attempt to analyze the nature of human problems and propose ways to attain liberation (Moksha).
iv) Doctrine of Karma – Most Indian philosophical systems accept the doctrine of karma, which states that every action has consequences. This belief in moral causation influences human behavior and ethical principles.
v) Faith in Rebirth – Many Indian philosophical traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, believe in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara), governed by karma.
vi) Faith in an Eternal Soul – Except for the Carvaka school, Indian philosophical traditions believe in the existence of an eternal soul (atman) that transcends physical existence.
Briefly discuss the nature of Indian Philosophy.
✅ (6 mark, 2015, 2018)
Ans. Indian philosophy has a distinct nature that makes it unique:
i) Essentially Spiritual – Indian philosophy primarily aims at spiritual growth. It helps individuals fight against ignorance and attain self-realization through real knowledge.
ii) Way of Life – There is a close connection between philosophy and daily life in Indian traditions. It does not remain merely theoretical but influences practical aspects of existence.
iii) Broad-Mindedness – Indian philosophy is inclusive and broad-minded. It does not rigidly impose a single viewpoint but considers different perspectives.
iv) Synthetic Approach – Instead of being fragmented, Indian philosophy seeks to synthesize different thoughts and unify diverse ideas under broader frameworks.
v) Closely Connected with Religion – Most schools of Indian philosophy are deeply tied to religious thought, considering spiritual and ethical values as part of their system.
vi) Mutual Interconnection Among Systems – Except for Carvaka, Jainism, and Buddhism, the other Indian philosophical systems share many concepts and influence one another.
What are the Eightfold Path of Buddhism?
✅ (6 marks)
Ans. According to Buddhism, the Eightfold Path is a practical guide for ethical and spiritual development, leading to the cessation of suffering and ultimately attaining Nirvana. These eight steps are:
i) Right View (Samyak Drishti) – Understanding the Four Noble Truths and the true nature of reality.
ii) Right Intention (Samyak Sankalpa) – Developing a mindset free from selfishness and ill will.
iii) Right Speech (Samyak Vacha) – Speaking truthfully and avoiding lies, slander, and harmful words.
iv) Right Action (Samyak Karma) – Engaging in ethical behavior by avoiding violence, stealing, and misconduct.
v) Right Livelihood (Samyak Ajiva) – Earning a living through honest and ethical means, avoiding harm to others.
vi) Right Effort (Samyak Vyayama) – Making continuous effort to cultivate positive thoughts and behaviors.
vii) Right Mindfulness (Samyak Smriti) – Developing awareness of thoughts, emotions, and actions in everyday life.
viii) Right Concentration (Samyak Samadhi) – Practicing deep meditation to achieve higher states of consciousness.
What are the different classifications of cause according to Nyaya?
✅ (6 marks)
Ans. According to the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy, a cause (karana) is something that produces an effect. Nyaya divides causes into three main types:
i) Samavayi Karana (Inherent or Material Cause) – The fundamental substance from which an object is made. For example, clay is the material cause of a pot.
ii) Asamavayi Karana (Non-Inherent Cause) – A quality or attribute that exists within the material cause and contributes to the production of an effect. For example, the color of the clay influences the color of the pot.
iii) Nimitta Karana (Efficient Cause) – The external factor responsible for bringing about an effect. For example, the potter is the efficient cause of making a pot.
These classifications help in understanding how things come into existence and change in the Nyaya system.
What are the different forms of Anumana (Inference) according to purpose in the philosophy of Nyaya?
✅ (6 marks)
Ans. Anumana (inference) is a major means of acquiring knowledge in Nyaya philosophy. It is classified based on different perspectives:
A) Based on Psychological Process:
i) Swarthanumana (Personal Inference) – When a person independently derives a conclusion without explaining it to others.
ii) Pararthanumana (Public Inference) – When an inference is expressed in a logical argument to convince others.
B) Based on Vyapti (Logical Relation):
i) Kevalanvayi Anumana – The conclusion is based only on affirmative evidence. Example: "All smoke-producing things have fire, like a kitchen."
ii) Kevalavyatireki Anumana – The conclusion is based only on negative evidence. Example: "Where there is no smoke, there is no fire."
iii) Anvaya-Vyatireki Anumana – The conclusion is based on both affirmative and negative evidence. Example: "Where there is smoke, there is fire; where there is no smoke, there is no fire."
C) Based on Causation:
i) Purvavat Anumana (Inference from Cause to Effect) – Predicting an effect based on the presence of a cause (e.g., dark clouds indicate rain).
ii) Sesavat Anumana (Inference from Effect to Cause) – Identifying the cause from the effect (e.g., seeing a wet road and inferring that it rained).
iii) Samanyatodrishta Anumana (Inference Based on General Observations) – Drawing conclusions based on repeated experiences (e.g., planetary movements suggesting seasonal changes).[DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION]
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