Business Organisation and Management Solved 2024 Question Paper [Gauhati University BCom 1st Semester NEP FYUGP]

[Gauhati University BCom 1st Semester FYUGP Business Organisation and Management Solved Question Paper 2024, GU BCom Business Organisation and Management Solved Question Paper 2024]

Looking for GU BCom Business Organisation and Management Solved Question Paper 2024? Here’s the complete Gauhati University BCom 1st Semester FYUGP BOM  Solved Paper to help you prepare for exams. This paper carries 60 marks with a 2½ hours duration and covers all important questions from the 2024 exam. Use this solved question paper to practice, revise, and score better in your exams.

Business Organisation and Management Solved Question Paper 2024

2024

Paper: BCM0100104

Full Marks: 60, Time: 2½ Hours

Business Organisation and Management

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

1. Choose the correct option from the following questions: (1 × 8 = 8)

(i) Which of the following is under the service industry?
(a) Construction (b) Mining (c) Financing (d) Pisciculture
Answer: (c) Financing

(ii) Ethics is a part of philosophy that studies _______.
(a) business operations (b) production (c) morality (d) behaviour of employees
Answer: (c) Morality

(iii) A plan which provides guidance to repeatedly performed actions is called _______.
(a) specific plan (b) directional plan (c) standing plan (d) single-use plan
Answer: (c) Standing plan

(iv) What is the graphical representation of an organisation's structure called?
(a) Organogram (b) Origamy (c) Outsourcing (d) Decentralisation
Answer: (a) Organogram

(v) Which of the following skills of a manager enhances his/her leadership quality?
(a) Conceptual skill (b) Interpersonal skill (c) Technical skill (d) Political skill
Answer: (b) Interpersonal skill

(vi) Which of the following is a financial motivation?
(a) Promotion (b) Stock option (c) Job security (d) Employee participation
Answer: (b) Stock option

(vii) Control exercised by lower-level managers is _________.
(a) strategic level control (b) tactical level control (c) operating level control (d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Operating level control

(viii) Who advocated the concept of six sigma?
(a) Henry Fayol (b) A. H. Maslow (c) Herzberg (d) Bill Smith
Answer: (d) Bill Smith

2. Write short answers to the following questions: (any six) (2 × 6 = 12)

(i) Mention two human objectives of a business.
Answer: The following are the human objectives of a business:

1. To provide fair wages and good working conditions to employees.

2. To develop the skills and abilities of workers for their personal growth.

(ii) Write two features of the meso environment.
Answer: The following are the features of the meso environment:

1. It connects the internal and external environment of a business.

2. It includes industry-related factors like competitors, suppliers, and intermediaries.

(iii) Write two arguments in favour of social responsibility.
Answer: The following are the arguments in favour of social responsibility:

1. It helps in creating a positive image and goodwill for the business.

2. It ensures long-term success by maintaining good relations with society.

(iv) Explain two features of strategic planning.
Answer: The following are the features of strategic planning:

1. It focuses on long-term goals and overall direction of the organisation.

2. It is prepared by top-level management for the entire organisation.

(v) Write two advantages of virtual organisation.
Answer: The following are the advantages of a virtual organisation:

1. It helps in reducing operating and office maintenance costs.

2. It allows the business to hire talented people from different locations.

(vi) State two importance of motivation.
Answer: The following are the importance of motivation:

1. It improves the performance and efficiency of employees.

2. It helps in achieving organisational objectives smoothly.

(vii) Briefly explain the relationship between planning and controlling.
Answer: The following points show the relationship between planning and controlling:

1. Planning sets the objectives, and controlling ensures that these plans are followed properly.

2. Planning and controlling are interdependent — one cannot exist without the other.

(viii) Explain two characteristics of zero-base budgeting.
Answer: The following are the characteristics of zero-base budgeting:

1. Every budget starts from zero, and past data is not automatically used.

2. Each activity must be justified before funds are approved.

(ix) State the usefulness of co-sharing of workplace.
Answer: The following are the usefulness of co-sharing of workplace:

1. It reduces cost by sharing office space and resources.

2. It helps in networking and exchanging ideas among different professionals.

(x) Explain two problems of learning organisation.
Answer: The following are the problems of a learning organisation:

1. It requires continuous change, which some employees may resist.

2. It needs more time and effort for training and knowledge sharing.

3. Write answers to the following questions: (Any four) (5 × 4 = 20)

(i) Discuss the concept of managerial competencies.

Answer: Managerial competencies refer to the combination of skills, knowledge, behaviour, and attitude that a manager must possess to perform effectively. These competencies help a manager to plan, organize, lead, and control the activities of an organisation.

The main types of managerial competencies are technical, human, and conceptual skills. Technical skill helps in handling specific tasks, human skill helps in dealing with people, and conceptual skill helps in understanding the organisation as a whole. A competent manager ensures better teamwork, higher efficiency, and the achievement of organisational goals.

(ii) Explain the various types of e-commerce models that can be used in business.

Answer: E-commerce refers to buying and selling goods or services through electronic platforms such as the internet. Businesses use different types of e-commerce models depending on their nature and customers.

The major types are:

1. Business to Consumer (B2C): Businesses sell products directly to customers through websites, e.g., Amazon.

2. Business to Business (B2B): One business sells to another, e.g., wholesale suppliers selling to retailers.

3. Consumer to Consumer (C2C): Individuals sell directly to other individuals, e.g., OLX, eBay.

4. Consumer to Business (C2B): Individuals offer services or products to companies, e.g., freelancers.

5. Business to Government (B2G): Businesses provide products or services to government organisations.

Each model helps in improving market reach, reducing costs, and making business operations more flexible.

(iii) Explain the steps in decision-making.

Answer: Decision-making is the process of selecting the best possible course of action from different alternatives to solve a problem. It is one of the most important functions of management.

The main steps involved are:

1. Identifying the problem: Recognising the real issue that requires a decision.

2. Collecting information: Gathering relevant data and facts.

3. Developing alternatives: Listing all possible options or solutions.

4. Evaluating alternatives: Comparing the pros and cons of each option.

5. Selecting the best alternative: Choosing the most suitable solution.

6. Implementing the decision: Putting the selected option into action.

7. Reviewing the results: Checking whether the decision achieved the desired outcome.

An effective decision-making process helps managers minimise risks and achieve organisational goals efficiently.

(iv) Describe the various factors affecting organisational design.
Answer: Organisational design means the structure or arrangement of people and activities within a business. It shows how tasks are divided and coordinated.

The main factors affecting organisational design are:

1. Size of the organisation: Large organisations need more departments and hierarchy, while small ones have simple structures.

2. Nature of business: A manufacturing business needs different design compared to a service business.

3. Technology: The use of modern technology can reduce layers of management and improve communication.

4. Environment: A changing business environment requires a flexible design.

5. People and culture: The attitude, behaviour, and skills of employees influence how an organisation is structured.

A suitable design helps in smooth operations, better communication, and faster decision-making.

(v) Discuss the role of Information Technology in communication.
Answer: Information Technology (IT) plays a very important role in improving communication in business. It helps in quick sharing of information among employees, departments, and customers.

The main roles of IT in communication are:

1. Speed: Messages and data can be sent instantly through email, chat, or video calls.

2. Accuracy: IT reduces mistakes by providing clear and exact information.

3. Cost-effectiveness: Online communication tools reduce travel and printing costs.

4. Global reach: IT helps organisations communicate easily with people across different countries.

5. Record keeping: Messages and documents can be stored and accessed anytime when needed.

Thus, Information Technology makes communication faster, easier, and more effective in modern business.

(vi) Discuss the role of Supply Chain Management in contemporary business management.
Answer: Supply Chain Management (SCM) refers to the process of managing the flow of goods, services, and information from suppliers to customers. It includes activities such as purchasing, production, storage, transportation, and delivery.

The main roles of Supply Chain Management in modern business are:

1. Cost reduction: SCM helps reduce production and transportation costs by improving efficiency.

2. Customer satisfaction: It ensures timely delivery of quality products, which increases customer trust.

3. Better coordination: SCM connects all departments — suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers — for smooth operation.

4. Inventory control: It helps maintain the right level of stock, avoiding overstocking or shortages.

5. Competitive advantage: A strong supply chain gives the business an edge over competitors by improving speed and service.

In today’s competitive world, effective Supply Chain Management is essential for business success and long-term growth.

(vii) Explain the different types of freelancing.
Answer: Freelancing means working independently for clients or companies without being a full-time employee. Freelancers usually work on specific projects and are paid for the tasks they complete.

The main types of freelancing are:

1. Writing and Editing: Freelancers create articles, blogs, or content for websites and magazines.

2. Graphic Designing: They design logos, posters, and other visual materials.

3. Web Development: Freelancers build and maintain websites and applications.

4. Digital Marketing: This includes social media management, SEO, and online advertising.

5. Teaching or Tutoring: Freelancers provide online classes or training sessions.

6. Data Entry and Virtual Assistance: They perform administrative or data-related work for clients.

Freelancing gives people flexibility, independence, and the opportunity to earn based on their skills and time.

4. Answer the following questions: (any two) (10 × 2 = 20)

(i) Discuss the major factors to be considered for starting a business.
Answer: Starting a business requires proper planning and understanding of various factors that affect its success. Before beginning, an entrepreneur should carefully study the market, resources, and risks involved.

The major factors to be considered for starting a business are as follows:

1. Nature of business: The first step is to decide what type of business to start — manufacturing, trading, or service. It should match the interest, knowledge, and skills of the entrepreneur.

2. Business idea and feasibility: The idea should be practical and capable of meeting customer needs. A feasibility study helps to check if the idea is workable in real conditions.

3. Capital requirement: Every business needs money to start and operate. The entrepreneur must plan how much capital is needed and where it will come from — personal savings, loans, or investors.

4. Location: The place of business should be chosen carefully. It should have good transport, communication, and access to raw materials and customers.

5. Legal formalities: The business must follow all legal requirements like registration, licenses, and tax procedures.

6. Availability of labour and raw materials: Skilled workers and regular supply of materials are essential for smooth production.

7. Market conditions: The entrepreneur must study demand, competition, and customer preferences before starting.

8. Technology: Choosing the right technology helps reduce costs and increase efficiency.

9. Risk and uncertainty: Every business faces some risks. Proper planning and insurance help reduce such risks.

10. Government policies: The entrepreneur should understand government rules, subsidies, and support schemes related to the business.

In short, considering these factors helps in reducing failure and ensures a strong foundation for the new business.

(ii) Discuss the various social responsibilities of business towards different interest groups.
Answer: Social responsibility means that a business should not only focus on earning profit but also think about the welfare of society and different groups connected to it. Every business has certain duties toward its employees, customers, owners, government, and the community.

The main social responsibilities of a business towards different interest groups are as follows:

1. Responsibility towards owners or shareholders:  The business should provide a fair return on investment, ensure safety of capital, and give true and clear information about the company’s performance.

2. Responsibility towards employees:  The business must provide fair wages, good working conditions, job security, and opportunities for training and promotion. It should also ensure safety and respect at the workplace.

3. Responsibility towards consumers:  The business should supply good quality goods and services at reasonable prices. It must avoid unfair trade practices like false advertising or adulteration.

4. Responsibility towards suppliers:  The business should make timely payments, maintain fair dealings, and build long-term relationships based on trust.

5. Responsibility towards government:  The business should follow all laws, pay taxes honestly, and cooperate in implementing economic and social policies.

6. Responsibility towards the community and society:  The business should contribute to social welfare by supporting education, healthcare, environment protection, and employment generation.

7. Responsibility towards the environment:  The business must control pollution, manage waste properly, and use eco-friendly methods of production.

In conclusion, fulfilling these social responsibilities helps a business build goodwill, earn public trust, and ensure long-term growth and success.

(iii) Explain the differences between centralisation and decentralisation. Describe the factors influencing degree of delegation.
Answer:  Centralisation and decentralisation are two approaches to decision-making in an organisation:-

1. Centralisation means that decision-making authority is concentrated at the top level of management. Lower-level managers have little or no authority to make decisions.

2. Decentralisation means that decision-making authority is distributed among different levels of management. Lower-level managers are empowered to make decisions within their areas.

The main/key differences are:

Aspect	Centralisation	Decentralisation
Decision-making	Decisions are made by top management	Decisions are made at different levels
Authority for managers	Less freedom for lower-level managers	Greater freedom and responsibility
Speed of decision	Faster in small organisations	Slower in large organisations but suitable
Scope of control	Narrow, concentrated at top	Wide, spread across departments or levels
Employee involvement	Low involvement of employees	High involvement of employees

Factors influencing degree of delegation:

1. Nature of the business: Complex businesses may need more delegation.

2. Size of organisation: Large organisations require more decentralisation.

3. Competence of managers: Skilled managers can handle more delegated authority.

4. Importance of decisions: Critical decisions are usually centralised.

5. Policies and culture: Organisational norms affect how much authority is delegated.

Delegation and decentralisation help in better management, quicker decisions, and employee development.

(iv) Explain the importance of leadership of people in an organisation. Describe some prominent leadership styles.
Answer: Leadership is the ability of a manager to influence and guide employees towards achieving organisational goals. Good leadership is essential for motivation, coordination, and smooth functioning of the business.

Importance of leadership:

1. Leaders guide and motivate employees to achieve targets.

2. Leadership improves teamwork and cooperation among employees.

3. Leaders help in resolving conflicts and making decisions.

4. Good leadership increases efficiency and productivity.

5. It creates a positive work environment and strengthens organisational culture.

Prominent leadership styles:

1. Autocratic: The leader makes all decisions alone; employees follow instructions.

2. Democratic: The leader involves employees in decision-making and encourages participation.

3. Laissez-faire: The leader gives freedom to employees to make decisions; minimal supervision.

4. Transformational: The leader inspires and motivates employees to achieve extraordinary results.

5. Transactional: The leader focuses on rewards and punishments to achieve goals.

Different leadership styles are applied depending on the situation, nature of work, and employee needs.

(v) Describe the benefits and challenges of a flexi-time schedule for employees.
Answer: A flexi-time schedule allows employees to choose their working hours within certain limits instead of a fixed timetable. This system gives flexibility while ensuring that work is completed.

Benefits of flexi-time schedule:

1. Better work-life balance: Employees can adjust their work hours according to personal needs, reducing stress.

2. Increased productivity: Employees work during their most productive hours, improving efficiency.

3. Reduced absenteeism: Flexible schedules reduce late arrivals and leave requests.

4. Employee satisfaction: Flexibility increases motivation, loyalty, and job satisfaction.

5. Cost savings: Businesses can save on utilities and office space by staggering employee hours.

Challenges of flexi-time schedule:

1. Coordination problems: It may be difficult to schedule meetings and teamwork when employees work different hours.

2. Monitoring work: Supervisors may find it harder to track employee performance.

3. Customer service issues: Flexible hours may affect availability for clients and customers.

4. Inequality: Some employees may take advantage of flexibility more than others, causing dissatisfaction.

In conclusion, flexi-time schedules benefit employees and organisations by improving efficiency and satisfaction, but careful planning is needed to manage coordination and fairness.

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