AHSEC Class 12 Accountancy Solved Question Paper 2022 [HS 2nd Year Accountancy Question Paper Solution 2022]

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AHSEC Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2024

2022

ACCOUNTANCY

Full Marks: 100

Pass Marks: 30

Time: Three hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

1. (a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/words: (any four)

(i) Income and Expenditure Account is prepared on accrua lbasis.

(ii) Liability of a partner is unlimited.

(iii) Annual Report is issued by a company to its shareholders.

(iv) Liquid ratio is the relationship between current assets/liquid Assets and current liabilities.

(v) Equity shareholders are owners of a company.

(b) Choose the correct alternative:

(i) When a new partner is admitted -         1

(a) Consent of all the partners is required.

(b) Consent of majority of the partners is required.

(c) Consent of any one partner is required.

Answer: (a) Consent of all the partners is required.

(ii) Balance of shares forfeited account after re-issue is transferred to – 1

(a) Reserve Fund

(b) Profit and Loss Account

(c) Capital Reserve

Answer: (c) Capital Reserve

(c) State whether the following statements are “True” or “False” : (any two)

(i) Outstanding subscription is an asset.         1

(ii) A Preference Shareholder gets interest at a fixed rate.  1

(iii) Company’s shares are generally transferable.         1

(iv) Life membership fee is a capital receipt.     1

Ans: (i) True. Outstanding subscription is a liability.

(ii) False. A preference shareholder is entitled to receive a fixed rate of Dividend.

(iii) True. Shares of a company are generally transferable.

(iv) True:- Life membership fee is a Capital receipt.

2. Mention two features of a not-for-profit organisation.        2

Ans: Two features of a not-for-profit organization are:

1.The primary objective of a not-for-profit organization is to serve a specific social cause or group of individuals, rather than to generate profits for its owners or shareholders.

2.Not-for-profit organizations typically rely on funding from sources such as grants, donations, and government subsidies, rather than generating revenue through the sale of goods or services.

3. What is a Profit and Loss Appropriation Account?          2

Ans:Profit and Loss Appropriation Account is a financial statement that shows the distribution of profit among the partners of a partnership firm. It shows the profit earned during a particular period, the amount of profit distributed among the partners, and the amount transferred to reserves or retained in the business.

4. What is the meaning of Cash Flow from Financing Activities?      2

Ans: Cash Flow from Financing Activities refers to the inflow and outflow of cash that results from activities related to a company's financing arrangements, such as the issuance of new debt or equity, the repayment of existing debt, and the payment of dividends to shareholders.

5. Mention any two features of a debenture.    2

Ans: Two features of a debenture are:

1.A debenture is a debt instrument issued by a company to raise capital. It typically involves the company borrowing money from investors in exchange for a promise to pay back the loan with interest at a later date.

2.Debentures are typically secured by a charge on the assets of the company, which means that the assets of the company can be used as collateral to secure the loan in case the company defaults on its repayment obligations.

6. Mention any two rights of a partner.   2

Ans: Two rights of a partner are:

1. The right to participate in the management of the partnership firm.

2. The right to share in the profits of the partnership firm.

7. A and B are partners sharing profit and losses in the ratio 3:2 C is admitted into the partnership. A surrendered 1/3rd of his share and B surrendered 1/4th of his share in favour of C. Determine the new profit-sharing ratio.      3

Solution:

Or

Write three distinctions between Fixed Capital Account and Fluctuating Capital Account.

Ans: Here are three distinctions between fixed capital account and fluctuating capital account :

1.Fixed capital refers to long-term assets used in production, while fluctuating capital refers to short-term assets used in day-to-day operations.

2.Fixed capital is used to acquire and maintain long-term assets, while fluctuating capital is used to fund short-term needs.

3.Fixed capital is managed by the owners or senior management, while fluctuating capital is managed by the operational level of the business.

8. Explain three uses of financial statement.     3

Ans: Here are three uses of financial statements :

1.Financial statements are used for decision-making by stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and management.

2. Financial statements can be used to evaluate the financial performance of a company over a period of time.

3.Financial statements are often required by law for compliance purposes

9. Mention any three objectives of preparing Comparative Statement.      3

Ans: The Following are three objectives of preparing comparative statements:

1. To facilitate the analysis of the financial position and performance of a company over a period of time.

2. To identify trends and patterns in the financial performance and position of a company.

3. To facilitate the comparison of a company's financial performance and position with industry benchmarks or with the financial performance and position of other companies.

Or

A company’s stock is Rs. 2,00,000. Total liquid assets are Rs. 8,00,000 and quick ratio is 2:1. Calculate current ratio.

Ans: Quick ratio = LA/CL

28,00,000/CL

CL - 4,00,000

Current Assets =

4,00,000+2,00,000-6,00,000

10. Explain the following terms:              3

(i) Capital Fund: A capital fund refers to the money or assets that are used to finance long-term investments or projects. Capital funds may include investments in physical assets such as land, buildings, or machinery, as well as intangible assets such as patents or trademarks.

(ii) Life Membership Fee: A life membership fee is a one-time payment made by a member to join an organization as a lifetime member. This fee is typically used to fund the operations and activities of the organization and may entitle the member to certain privileges or benefits.

(iii) Entrance Fee: An entrance fee is a payment required to enter a specific event or venue. Entrance fees are often used to cover the costs of organizing and hosting the event or to generate revenue for the organization hosting the event

Or

Write three features of Fund Based Accounting.

Ans: 1.Fund-basedaccounting involves the classification of financial transactions and assets according to the purpose for which they are used.

2.Funds are established for specific purposes, such as capital projects, debt service, or operating expenses, and transactions are recorded in the appropriate fund.

3.Fund-based accounting allows for the tracking and management of specific sources of funding and the use of those funds. It helps ensure that funds are used for their intended purposes and helps to maintain the integrity and accountability of the financial management of an organization.

Or

Calculate the amount of stationery consumed to be shown in the Income and Expenditure A/c for the year ended 31st December, 2020-

	01-01-2020	31-12-2020
Creditors for stationery	4,000	6,200
Stock of stationery	5,400	5,000

During the year 2020 payment made for stationery was Rs. 40,000.

Solution: Stationary consumed to be shown in Income and Expenditure A/c

Particulars	Amounts
Opening stationary Add: Payment made for stationary Less: Closing stationary Less: Opening Creditor Add: Closing creditor	5,400 40,000
	45,400 5,000
	40,400 4,000
	36,400 6,200
	42,600

11. Write three differences between Realisation Account and Revaluation Account.       3

Ans:The following are three differences between a realization account and a revaluation account in very short form:

1. Purpose: A realization account is used to track the sale of goods or assets and to record the resulting gain or loss. A revaluation account is used to adjust the value of an asset to reflect its current market value.

2. Frequency: A realization account is typically prepared and updated on an ongoing basis as goods or assets are sold. A revaluation account is typically prepared periodically, such as annually, to reflect changes in the value of the assets being revalued.

3. Impact on financial statements: A realization account is used to record gains or losses on the sale of goods or assets, which can impact the profitability of a company. A revaluation account is used to adjust the value of an asset on the balance sheet, which can impact the overall net worth of a company.

Or

Write any three uses of Cash Flow Statement.

Ans: The Followingare three uses of a cash flow statement :

1.To assess the ability of a company to generate cash: A cash flow statement shows the inflow and outflow of cash for a company, which can help stakeholders assess the company's ability to generate cash from its operations.

2.To identify trends in cash flow: A cash flow statement can be used to identify trends in a company's cash flow, such as an increase or decrease in cash inflow or outflow over time.

3.To evaluate the adequacy of a company's cash resources: A cash flow statement can be used to evaluate whether a company has sufficient cash resources to meet its short-term and long-term financial obligations. This is especially important for creditors and investors, who rely on a company's cash flow to determine its creditworthiness and investment potential.

12. Prepare Income and Expenditure Account from the following Receipts and Payments Account and other details of Surya Club for the year ended 31st December, 2019:        5

Receipts and Payment Account

Receipt	Rs. (Dr.)	Payments	Rs. (Cr.)
To Balance b/d: Cash-in-hand To Subscriptions 2018 – 900 2019 – 19,000 2020 – 1,000 To Sale of newspaper To Life Membership Fee To Donation To Donation for Building To Interest To Maintenance Grant To Sale of Furniture	10,000 20,900 100 5,000 6,000 8,000 200 2,000 1,000	By Salaries By Honorarium By Travelling Expenses By Telephone Charges By Investment By Construction of Building By Rent By Postage By Balance c/d: Cash-in-hand	12,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 7,000 2,000 1,000 11,200
	53,200		53,200

Other details:

(i) Outstanding Salaries – Rs. 1,000

(ii) Subscription outstanding – Rs. 2,000

(iii) Subscription for 2019 received in 2018 – Rs.200

Income and expenditure A/C of Surya Club 

For the year ended 31st December, 2019

Expenditure	Amount (Dr.)	Income	Amount (Dr.)
To salaries 12,000 Add: Outstanding 1000 To Honorarium To Travelling Expenses To Telephone charges To Rent To Postage To surplus	13,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 3,500	By subscription 19,000 Add: Outstanding 2,000 21,000 Add: Refund for 2019 to 2018 200 By sale of Newspaper By Donation By Interest By Maintenance Grant	21,200 100 6,000 200 2,000
	29,500		29,500

Or

Write five distinctions between Receipts and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account.      5

Ans:The following are the  five distinctions between a receipts and payments account and an income and expenditure account:

1.Purpose: A receipts and payments account is used to track the inflow and outflow of cash for a period of time, while an income and expenditure account is used to track the income and expenditure of an organization over a period of time.

2.Scope: A receipts and payments account is typically a summary of all cash transactions, including both revenue and capital transactions, while an income and expenditure account is focused on the revenue transactions of an organization.

3.Format: A receipts and payments account is usually presented in the form of a T-account, with receipts on the left side and payments on the right side. An income and expenditure account is usually presented in the form of a traditional income statement, with income at the top and expenditure at the bottom.

4.Information provided: A receipts and payments account provides information about the inflow and outflow of cash for a specific period of time, while an income and expenditure account provides information about the net income or loss earned by an organization over a period of time.

5.Use: A receipts and payments account is typically used by small organizations or non-profit organizations to track their financial transactions, while an income and expenditure account is typically used by larger organizations or businesses to track their revenue and expenditure.

13. Explain the method of calculating “Cash flows from Operating Activities” under direct method.     5

Ans: Direct method:

Cash sale

Add: collection from customer

Less: cash paid to creditors

Cash paid to employee

Cash paid for other operating expenses

Cash generated from operating activities

Less: Income tax paid

Cash flow before extraordinary items

Add: Extra-ordinary item

Less: Extra ordinary payment

Net cash flow from operating activities

Or

Calculate cash from operating activities from the following information:

	2019 (Rs.)	2020 (Rs.)
Profit and Loss A/c. Debtors Bills Receivable General Reserve Salary Outstanding Wages Prepaid Goodwill Cash and Bank Balance	60,000 87,000 62,000 2,02,000 30,000 5,000 80,000 40,000	65,000 50,000 1,03,000 2,37,000 12,000 7,000 70,000 30,000

Solution

Profit and Loss A/c. Add: Transfer to General Reserve Goodwill written off Adjustment from Decrease in debtor Less: Increase in B/R Decrease in outstanding salary Increase in prepaid Increase flow from operating activity	5,000 35,000 10,000 50,000 37,000 (41,000) (8,000) (2,000)
	36,000

14. What is Ratio Analysis? Mention any three limitations of ratio analysis.      2+3=5

Ans:

Ratio analysis is a method of evaluating financial information by analysing and comparing various financial ratios (such as profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, and solvency ratios) derived from a company's financial statements (income statement and balance sheet).

Three limitations of ratio analysis are:

1. Historical nature: Ratio analysis only provides a snapshot of a company's financial performance in the past and does not predict future performance.

2. Subjectivity: The interpretation of ratio and the choice of which ratios to use can be subjective, and different analysts may come to different conclusions based on the same data.

3. Comparability issues: Ratios can be difficult to compare across different companies due to differences in accounting policies and industry characteristics.

Or

Briefly explain the meaning and significance of any two of the following ratios – 2.5x2=5

(i) Debt-Equity Ratio

(ii) Gross Profit Ratio

(iii) Quick Ratio

(iv) Stock Turnover Ratio

Ans: 

(i) Debt-Equity Ratio: The debt-equity ratio is a financial ratio that measures the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. It is calculated by dividing a company's total debt by its total shareholders' equity. A higher debt-equity ratio indicates that a company has been using more debt to finance its assets, while a lower debt-equity ratio indicates that a company has been using more equity to finance its assets.

(ii) Gross Profit Ratio: The gross profit ratio is a financial ratio that measures the profitability of a company's core business operations, excluding expenses such as taxes, interest, and other overhead expenses. It is calculated by dividing a company's gross profit (revenue minus the cost of goods sold) by its total revenue. A higher gross profit ratio indicates that a company is able to generate more profit from its core business operations, while a lower gross profit ratio indicates that a company is less profitable in its core business operations.

(iii) Quick Ratio: The quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, is a financial ratio that measures a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. It is calculated by dividing a company's total current assets (such as cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable) by its total current liabilities (such as accounts payable and short-term debt). A higher quick ratio indicates that a company is more liquid and has a stronger ability to pay its short-term debts, while a lower quick ratio indicates that a company is less liquid and may have difficulty paying its short-term debts.

(iv) Stock Turnover Ratio: The stock turnover ratio is a financial ratio that measures the efficiency with which a company is able to sell its inventory. It is calculated by dividing a company's total cost of goods sold by its average inventory for a given period of time. A higher stock turnover ratio indicates that a company is able to sell its inventory more quickly, while a lower stock turnover ratio indicates that a company is taking longer to sell its inventory.

Or

Cost of Goods Sold – Rs. 3,00,000

Stock Turnover Ratio – 6 times

Find out the value of Opening Stock, if Opening Stock is Rs. 10,000 less than the Closing Stock.  5

15. From the following Income Statement, prepare Common Size Income Statement and give your comments:     5

Particulars	2018 (Rs.)	2019 (Rs.)	Particulars	2018 (Rs.)	2019 (Rs.)
To Cost of Goods Sold To Gross Profit c/d To Office Expenses To Distribution Expenses To Net Profit c/d	95,000 25,000	1,05,000 40,000	By Net Sales By Gross Profit b/d By Gross Profit b/d	1,20,000	1,45,000
	1,20,000	1,45,000		1,20,000	1,45,000
	2,000 3,000 20,000	8,000 5,000 27,000		25,000	40,000
	25,000	40,000		25,000	40,000

Solution: 

Particular	2018		2019
	Amount	%	Amount	%
Net Sales Less: Cost of goods sold Gross profit Less: Operating Expenses Net Profit	1,20,000 95,000	100% 79%	1,45,000 1,05,000	100% 72%
	25,000 5,000	20% 4%	40,000 13,000	28% 8%
	20,000	17%	27,000	19%

Or

Give the new format of the Balance Sheet of a company (main headings only) as per the requirements of the revised Schedule-VI of the Companies Act.

Ans: Proforma of Balance Sheet

Name of the Company …………………………………….

Balance Sheet as at……………………………………..

Particulars	Note  No.	Amount (Current Year)	Amount (Previous Year)
I. EQUITY AND LIABILITIES (1) Shareholders’ Funds (a) Share capital (b) Reserves and surplus (c) Money received against share Warrants (2) Share application money pending allotment (3) Non – current liabilities (a) Long term borrowings (b) Deferred tax liabilities (net) (c) Other long term liabilities (d) Long term provisions (4) Current liabilities (a) Short term borrowings (b) Trade payables (c) Other current liabilities (d) Short term provisions
Total
II ASSETS (1) Non-Current Assets (a) Fixed assets (i) Tangible assets (ii) Intangible assets (iii) Capital work in progress (iv) Intangible assets under development (b) Non-current investments (c) Deferred tax assets (net) (d) Long term loans and advances (e) Other non-current assets (2) Current Assets (a) Current investments (b) Inventories (c) Trade receivables (d) Cash and cash equivalents (e) Short term loans and advances (f) Other current assets
Total

Or

Give five points of distinctions between under-subscription and over-subscription.

Ans: Under-subscription and over-subscription refer to the situation in which the demand for securities, such as shares or bonds, is less than or greater than the supply of those securities, respectively.

Here are five points of distinction between under-subscription and over-subscription:

1. Definition: Under-subscription refers to the situation in which the demand for securities is less than the supply, while over-subscription refers to the situation in which the demand for securities is greater than the supply.

2. Impact on the issuing company: Under-subscription may result in the issuing company not being able to raise the desired amount of capital, while over-subscription may result in the company raising more capital than it intended.

3. Impact on investors: Under-subscription may lead to investors not being able to secure the desired number of securities, while over-subscription may result in investors being allocated fewer securities than they applied for.

4. Allocation of securities: In under-subscription, the issuing company may allocate the securities on a pro rata basis, while in over-subscription, the securities may be allocated through a lottery system or through the discretion of the issuing company.

5. Pricing of securities: Under-subscription may lead to a lower price for the securities, while over-subscription may result in a higher price for the securities.

16. A, B and C were in partnership sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1. On 1st January, 2020, B retired from the firm. On that date their Balance Sheet was as follows: 2+3=5

Balance Sheet

Liabilities	(Rs.)	Assets	(Rs.)
Creditors Capital: A : 30,000 B : 20,000 C : 20,000	27,180 70,000	Cash Debtors Stock Building Profit and Loss A/c	9,400 16,000 23,380 46,000 2,400
	97,180		97,180

The terms of the retirement were:

(i) Building is to be appreciated by Rs. 14,000.

(ii) Provision for doubtful debts is to be made at 5% on the debtors.

(iii) The goodwill of the firm is to be valued at Rs. 36,000.

(iv) No cash is to be paid to B immediately and balance of his capital account is to be transferred to his loan account.

Prepare Revaluation Account and Partners’ Capital Account.

Solution : Revaluation A/c

Liabilities	Rs.	Assets	Rs.
To Debtor To A’s Capital 6,600 To B’s Capital 4,400 To C’s Capital 2,200	800 13,200	By Building	14,000
	14,000		14,000

Partner’s Capital A/c

Particular	A	B	C	Particular	A	B	C
To Profit & Loss To B’s Capital To B’s loan A/c To Balance c/d	1,200 9,000 - 26,400 36,600	800 - 35,600 - 36,400	400 3,000 - 18,800 22,200	By Balance b/d By Revaluation By A’s Capital By C’s Capital	30,000 6,600 - - 36,600	20,000 4,400 9,000 3,000 36,400	20,000 2,200 - - 22,200
				By Balance b/d	26,400	-	18,800

Or

Write the uses of the securities premium amount.

Ans: The securities premium is the excess amount received by a company when it issues new securities (such as shares or bonds) at a price higher than the face value or par value of the securities. Some of the uses of the securities premium amount are:

To finance the expansion of the company: The securities premium can be used to fund the expansion of the company's operations, such as building new facilities, acquiring new equipment, or entering new markets.

To pay off debts: The securities premium can be used to pay off existing debts, such as loans or bonds, and reduce the company's overall debt burden.

To pay dividends to shareholders: The securities premium can be used to pay dividends to shareholders, which is a distribution of profits to shareholders as a return on their investment in the company.

To increase reserves: The securities premium can be used to increase reserves, which are funds set aside for a specific purpose, such as to cover future expenses or to fund new projects.

To invest in new opportunities: The securities premium can be used to invest in new opportunities, such as acquiring other companies or investing in new technologies.

To increase share capital: The securities premium can be used to increase share capital, which is the total value of a company's outstanding shares of stock. This can be done through a rights issue, where the company offers new shares to existing shareholders, or through a private placement, where the company sells new shares to a select group of investors.

 

17. P, Q and R were in partnership sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3. On 31st March, 2020 their Balance Sheet was as follows:         5

Balance Sheet

Liabilities	(Rs.)	Assets	(Rs.)
Creditor Reserve Capital Accounts: P : 1,05,000 Q : 85,000 R : 80,000	87,000 33,000 2,70,000	Fixed Assets Stock and Debtors Cash	2,90,000 85,000 15,000
	3,90,000		3,90,000

‘Q’ died on 30.06.2020. Under the partnership agreement the executors of a deceased partner were entitled to:

(a) Amount standing to the credit of deceased partner’s capital account.

(b) Interest on capital @12% p.a.

(c) His share of goodwill. The goodwill of the firm on Q’s death was valued at Rs. 2,70,000.

(d) Share of profit from the closing of the last financial year to the date of death on the basis of last year’s profits.

The profit of the firms for the year ended 31.03.2020 was Rs. 2,40,000.

Prepare Q’s capital account on the date of his death.

Solution: 

Ans:-

Q’s Capital Account

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
To Q’s Executor A/c	1,96,450	By Balance b/d By Reserve By Interest on Capital (12% on 85,000 for 3 month) By P’s Capital (81,000x4/7) By R’s Capital (81,000x3/7) By P/L suspense (2,40,000x3/12x3/10)	85,000 9,900 2,550 46,286 34,714 18,000
	1,96,450		1,96,450

Or

Distinguish between Profit and Loss account and Profit and Loss Appropriation account.          5

Ans: Profit and Loss (P&L) account and Profit and Loss Appropriation (P&L Appropriation) account are two financial statements that are used to report a company's financial performance. However, there are several differences between the two:

Purpose: The purpose of a P&L account is to show a company's revenue, expenses, and net profit or loss for a specific period of time. On the other hand, the purpose of a P&L Appropriation account is to show how a company's net profit is distributed or appropriated among its shareholders and other stakeholders.

Content: A P&L account contains a summary of a company's income and expenses, including revenue, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, and net profit or loss. A P&L Appropriation account, on the other hand, contains information on the distribution of the company's net profit, such as dividends, reserves, and retained earnings.

Preparation: A P&L account is prepared based on a company's financial transactions and is typically prepared at the end of an accounting period. A P&L Appropriation account, on the other hand, is prepared based on the decision of the company's management and is typically prepared after the P&L account has been prepared.

Format: A P&L account is typically presented in a single-step format, where all revenues and expenses are shown in a single statement. A P&L Appropriation account is typically presented in a multi-step format, where the net profit is shown after deducting all expenses from revenues, and then the appropriation of the net profit is shown in separate sections.

Users: A P&L account is used by a variety of stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, creditors, and management, to assess a company's financial performance and make decisions about the company. A P&L Appropriation account is primarily used by shareholders to understand how the company's net profit is being distributed among them.

18. What is Realisation Account? Write three cases where a partnership firm may be dissolved by a court.       2+3=5

Ans: A Realisation Account is an account used in the winding up of a partnership firm to record the process of selling off the assets of the firm, collecting any outstanding debts, and paying off any liabilities. The proceeds from the sale of assets are then distributed among the partners as per their profit-sharing ratio.

Three cases where a partnership firm may be dissolved by a court are:

Unlawful conduct by a partner: If a partner is found to be carrying out illegal or fraudulent activities, the court may dissolve the firm to prevent further damage.

Insanity or death of a partner: If a partner becomes insane or dies, the court may dissolve the firm if the other partners are unable to carry on the business.

Deadlock in the management of the firm: If the partners are unable to agree on the management of the firm and the business is suffering as a result, the court may dissolve the firm to prevent further damage to the business and its stakeholders.

Or

Amal and Bimal are two partners in a firm. They share profits as 3:2. Following is their Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2021 on which date the firm is dissolved:

Balance Sheet

Liabilities	(Rs.)	Assets	(Rs.)
Creditors Reserve Capital: Amal : 20,000 Bimal : 15,000	20,000 5,000 35,000	Fixed Assets Stock Debtors Cash Profit & Loss A/c	30,000 10,000 15,000 3,000 2,000
	60,000		60,000

Fixed Assets are realised at Rs. 28,000. Stock at Rs. 8,000 and Debtors at Rs. 13,000. Expenses on realisation are Rs. 1,500. Creditors are paid at a discount of 10%.

Prepare Realisation Account Partners Capital Account and Cash Account.     2+2+1=5

Ans:-

Realisation Account

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
To Fixed Assets To Stock To Debtor To Cash (1,500 +18,000)	30,000 10,000 15,000 19,500	By Creditor By Cash (25,000 + 8,000 + 13,000) By Amal’s Capital 3,300 By Bimal’s Capital 2,200	20,000 49,000 5,500
	74,500		74,500

 

Partners’ Capital Account

Particular	Amal	Bimal	Particular	Amal	Bimal
To Profit & Loss To Realisation To Cash	1,200 3,300 18,500	800 2,200 14,000	By Balance b/d By Reserve	20,000 3,000	15,000 2,000
	23,000	17,000		23,000	17,000

Cash Account

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
To Balance b/d To Realisation	30,000 49,000	By Balance b/d By Amal’s capital By Bimal’s capital	19,000 18,500 14,000
	52,000		52,000

19. Pradeep and Pranab are partners in a firm. The Trial Balance of the firm as on 31st March, 2020 was as under:

Trial Balance

Debit	(Rs.)	Credit	(Rs.)
Machinery Goodwill Patent Sundry Debtors Cash in hand Closing Stock Investment Depreciation on Machinery Rent Carriage Outward Taxes Telephone charges Commission Drawings: Pradeep – 5,000 Pranab – 4,000 Salaries Bank Charges	54,000 10,000 20,000 21,000 1,000 25,000 10,000 6,000 10,000 1,000 500 3,600 800 9,000 8,000 100	Capital: Pradeep – 50,000 Pranab – 40,000 Sundry Creditors Interest on Investment Sundry Receipts Bills Payable Bank Overdraft Trading Account: Gross Profit Discount	90,000 5,000 400 200 2,000 10,000 500 71,000 900
	1,80,000		1,80,000

Prepare Profit and Loss Account, Profit and Loss Appropriation Account and the Balance Sheet of the firm for the year ended 31st March, 2020, after considering the following information:

(i) Write off Rs. 1,000 as Bad Debt and provide a 5% Provision on Sundry Debtors for Doubtful Debts.

(ii) Interest on Investment Accrued Rs. 600.

(iii) Interest on Partner’s capital is allowed @ 5% p.a.

(iv) Create a General Reserve by taking Rs. 5,000 out of profit.

 

Pradeep & Pranab Firms

Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2020

 

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
To Salary To Bank charges To Commission To Telephone charges To Taxes To carriages outward To Rent To Depreciation on Machinery To Bad debt – 1,000 Add: New provision – 1,000 To Net Profit	8,000 100 800 3,600 500 1,000 10,000 6,000 2,000 41,100	By Gross Profit By Discount By Sundry Receipt By Interest on Investment – 400 Add: Accused – 600	71,000 900 200 1,000
	73,100		73,100

 

Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c

For the year ended on 31st March, 2020

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
To Interest on capitals Pradip (5% on 50,000) Pranab (5% on 40,000) To General Reserve To Pradip – 15,800 To Pranab – 15,800	2,500 2,000 5,000 31,600	By P/L Account	41,100
	41,100		41,100

 

Balance Sheet an on 31st March 2020

Liability	Amount	Assets	Amount
Capital Pradip – 50,000 Add: Interest – 2,000 Add: Profit – 15,800 Less: Drawing – 5,000 Pranab – 40,000 Add: Interest – 2,000 Add: Profit – 15,800 Less: Drawing – 4,000 Creditor Bills Payable Outstanding Wages Reserve Back over b/d	63,300 53,800 5,000 2,000 500 5,000 10,000	Machinery Goodwill Patent Sundry Debtor – 21,000 Less: Bad debt – 1,000 20,000 Less: Provision – 1,000 Cash in hand Closing Stock Interest on Invest Accrued Investment	54,000 10,000 20,000 19,000 1,000 20,000 600 10,000
	1,39,600		1,39,600

20. (a) Write two differences between Authorised Capital and Issued Capital of a company.      2

Ans: Two differences between authorized capital and issued capital of a company are:

Purpose: Authorized capital is the maximum amount of capital that a company is legally allowed to issue, while issued capital is the actual amount of capital that the company has issued to shareholders.

Flexibility: Authorized capital is a fixed amount that cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders and regulatory authorities, while issued capital can be increased or decreased depending on the company's needs and the decisions of its management.

(b) What is Minimum Subscription?       2

Ans: Minimum subscription refers to the minimum amount of capital that a company must raise from shareholders in order to complete an issue of securities, such as shares or bonds. It is the minimum amount of capital that the company must receive from investors in order to complete the issuance of securities. If the company does not receive the minimum subscription amount, it may have to cancel the issue and return the money to the investors. 

(c) What is Reserve Capital?     2

Ans: Reserve Capital: Reserve capital refers to the portion of a company's capital that is not called up unless the company faces liquidation or financial difficulty. It is set aside for emergency purposes and can only be called upon if necessary, such as to pay off creditors in case of insolvency.

(d) What is Call-in-Arrear?     2

Ans: Call-in-Arrear: Call-in-arrear refers to unpaid amounts on shares that have been called by the company but have not yet been paid by the shareholders. It represents the unpaid portion of the capital that was due after a call for payment has been made on the issued shares.

Or

Arnab Company Ltd. Issued 10,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each at a premium of 10% payable as under:    8

Rs. 30 on Application

Rs. 60 on Allotment (including premium)

Rs. 20 on call

Kamalesh holding 400 shares failed to pay the allotment and call money and Monalisha holding 700 shares failed to pay the call money.

Show the Entries in the Cash book and Journal of the company for the above transactions.

Ans:-

Arnab Company Ltd.

Journal

Date	Particular	L.F	Amount	Amount
	Share Application A/c To share capital A/c (Being application on 10,000 share capital) Share Allotment A/c To Share Capital A/c To Security Premium A/c (Being allotment on 10,000 share @ Rs. 60 each due) Calls in arrear A/c To share Allotment A/c (Being 400 share is not paid) Share 1st call A/c To Share Capital A/c (Being 1st call on 10,000 share @ Rs. 20 each due) Calls-in-arrear A/c To Share 1st calls (Being calls in arrear on 1,100 share in 1st call)		3,00,000 6,00,000 24,000 2,00,000 14,000	3,00,000 5,00,000 1,00,000 24,000 2,00,000 14,000

Cash Book

Particular	Amount	Particular	Amount
	3,00,000 5,76,000 1,78,000		10,54,000
	10,54,000		10,54,000

21. Give Journal entries for issue and redemption of Debentures in respect of the following:        8

(a) Debentures issued at a discount and redeemable at premium.

(b) Debentures issued at premium and redeemable at premium.

(c) Debentures issued at par and redeemable at par.

(d) Debentures issued at premium and redeemable at par.

Ans: (i) Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c …..Dr

To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c

(ii) Debenture A/c …….Dr

Premium on redemption of debenture A/c ……Dr

(if redeemed at premium)

To Debenture holder A/c

(iii) Debenture holder A/c ……..Dr

To Bank A/c

B. Redemption of debenture by open market purchase

(i) If debentures are purchase at par

Debenture A/c ……..Dr

To Bank A/c

(ii) If debentures are purchase at a premium

Debenture holder A/c ……Dr

Loss on cancellation of debenture A/c ……Dr

To Bank A/c

(iii) For writing of loss on cancellation

Profit & Loss or Security premium A/c

To Loss on cancellation of debenture A/c

(iv) If debentures are purchased at a discount

Debenture A/c ……Dr

To Bank A/c

To Profit on cancellation of Debenture A/c

(v) For transfer of profit on cancellation

Profit of cancellation of Debenture A/c

To capital Reserve

(vi) For creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve

Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c ….Dr

To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c

If purchase for investment:

(i) Investment on own Debenture A/c ……..Dr

To Bank A/c

(ii) Debenture A/c …..Dr

To Investment on own Debenture A/c

(iii) Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c …….Dr

To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c

C. Redemption of debenture of debenture by conversion.

(i) Debenture issued at par redeemable at par

(a) Debenture A/c ….Dr

To Debenture holder A/c

(b) Debenture holder A/c ……Dr

Discount A/c….Dr

To Share capital/ Debenture A/c

To Securities Premium A/c

(ii) Debentures were issued at par and redeemable at a premium.

(a) Debenture A/c ……Dr

Premium on redemption A/c

To Debenture holder A/c

(b) Debenture holder A/c …..Dr

Share discount A/c …..Dr

To Share Capital A/c

To Security Premium A/c

Or

What are the differences between a shareholder and a debenture holder?

Ans: Debentures are long-term debt instruments issued by a company to raise capital. Debentures can be redeemed, or repaid, by the issuing company in a number of ways. Here are five methods of redemption of debentures:

1. Call redemption: Call redemption is a method of redeeming debentures before their maturity date. In this method, the issuing company has the option to buy back the debentures from the holders at a predetermined price, known as the call price. The call price is typically higher than the face value of the debentures, and the issuing company may decide to redeem the debentures if the market interest rates have fallen, making it cheaper for the company to borrow from other sources.

2. Put redemption: Put redemption is a method of redeeming debentures that gives the debenture holders the option to sell the debentures back to the issuing company at a predetermined price, known as the put price. The put price is typically lower than the face value of the debentures, and the debenture holders may decide to redeem the debentures if the market interest rates have risen, making it more expensive for the company to borrow from other sources.

3. Sinking fund redemption: Sinking fund redemption is a method of redeeming debentures in which the issuing company sets aside a portion of its profits or revenue to be used to redeem the debentures on a regular basis, usually annually. The amount of debentures redeemed in each sinking fund redemption is typically a fixed percentage of the total outstanding debentures.

4. Drawback redemption: Drawback redemption is a method of redeeming debentures in which the issuing company repays the debenture holders the principal amount of the debentures along with a predetermined rate of interest. The rate of interest is typically higher than the rate at which the debentures were issued, and the issuing company may decide to redeem the debentures if the market interest rates have fallen, making it cheaper for the company to borrow from other sources.

5. Conversion redemption: Conversion redemption is a method of redeeming debentures that allows the debenture holders to exchange their debentures for a different type of security, such as shares in the issuing company. This method of redemption is typically used when the issuing company wants to convert its debt into equity.

Or

Explain different methods of redemption of debentures.

Ans: 

22. Ram and Mohan are partners sharing profit and losses equally. Their Balance Sheet on 1st April, 2021 was follows:   8

Balance Sheet

Liabilities	(Rs.)	Assets	(Rs.)
Sundry Creditors Capital: Ram: 40,000 Mohan : 30,000	15,000 70,000	Cash Debtors Stock Machinery Building	5,000 16,000 12,000 22,000 30,000
	85,000		85,000

They decided to admit Sanjoy into partnership for 1/3rd share on the following terms:

(i) Machinery and Building were revalued at Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 42,000 respectively.

(ii) Creditors were reduced by Rs. 2,000.

(iii) Provision for doubtful debts on debtors is to be created at Rs. 1,000.

(iv) Sanjoy is to bring in Rs. 40,000 as his capital and Rs. 24,000 as premium for goodwill.

Pass Journal entries for the above information and prepare Balance Sheet of the firm after the admission of Sanjoy.

Ans:- 

Journal

Date	Particular	L.F	Amount	Amount
	Revaluation A/c To Machinery A/c To Provision for Debtor (Being assets decrease on revaluation) Building A/c Creditor A/c To Revaluation A/c (Being assets increase and liability decrease) Revaluation A/c To Ram’s Capital To Mohan’s Capital (Being Profit on Revaluation) Cash A/c To Sanjoy’s Capital To premium for Goodwill (Being new partner bring cash) Premium for Goodwill A/c To Ram’s Capital To Mohan’s Capital (Being Premium Money divided in sacrificing ratio)		3,000 12,000 2,000 11,000 64,000 24,000	2,000 1,000 14,000 5,500 5,500 40,000 24,000 12,000 12,000

Balance Sheet

Liabilities	(Rs.)	Assets	(Rs.)
Sundry Creditors (15,000-2,000) Capital: Ram: (40,000+5,500+12,000) Mohan : (30,000+5,500+12,000) Sanjoy	13,000 57,500 47,500 40,000	Cash (5,000+64,000) Debtors (16,000-1,000) Stock Machinery (22,000-2,000) Building (30,000+12,000)	69,000 15,000 12,000 20,000 42,000
	1,58,000		1,58,000

Or

(i) Write any three limitations of partnership business.      3

Ans: Three limitations of partnership business are:

1. Limited liability: Partners in a partnership business are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership. This means that if the partnership is unable to pay its debts, the partners' personal assets may be seized to pay off the debts.

2. Lack of continuity: A partnership business is dissolved upon the death, withdrawal, or bankruptcy of any partner. This means that the business may have to be dissolved if any of the partners leaves the business, which can disrupt the continuity of the business.

3. Limited resources: A partnership business typically has limited resources, such as capital and expertise, compared to a corporation. This can limit the business's ability to expand and take on larger projects.

(ii) Explain five factors affecting the goodwill of a firm.   5

Ans:  Five factors affecting the goodwill of a firm are:

1. Quality of products or services: Goodwill is often associated with the quality of a company's products or services. A company that offers high-quality products or services is more likely to have a good reputation and high goodwill.

2. Customer service: Good customer service is an important factor in building goodwill. Companies that provide prompt, efficient, and helpful customer service are more likely to be well-regarded and have a positive reputation.

3. Location: The location of a company can also affect its goodwill. For example, a company that is located in a prime location, such as a busy shopping district, is more likely to have a good reputation and high goodwill.

4. Brand reputation: A company's brand reputation is a key factor in its goodwill. Companies that have a strong brand reputation, such as well-known brands that are associated with quality and reliability, are more likely to have high goodwill.

5. Market competition: The level of competition in a company's market can also affect its goodwill. A company that is able to stand out in a competitive market is more likely to have a good reputation and high goodwill.

Or

Distinguish between the dissolution of a Partnership and the dissolution of a Partnership firm.     8

Ans: Here are eight differences between the dissolution of a partnership and the dissolution of a partnership firm:

1. Definition: Dissolution of partnership refers to the termination of a partnership relationship, while the dissolution of partnership firm refers to the winding up of a partnership business.

2. Nature: Dissolution of partnership is a process of ending the partnership relationship between the partners, while dissolution of partnership firm is a process of winding up the partnership business and distributing its assets.

3. Impact on partnership business: Dissolution of partnership does not affect the partnership business, while dissolution of partnership firm results in the termination of the partnership business.

4. Impact on partnership relationship: Dissolution of partnership ends the partnership relationship between the partners, while dissolution of partnership firm does not affect the partnership relationship.

5. Impact on partnership assets: Dissolution of partnership does not affect the partnership assets, while dissolution of partnership firm involves the distribution or sale of the partnership assets.

6. Decision-making: Dissolution of partnership is typically initiated by one or more partners, while dissolution of partnership firm is typically initiated by the partnership business.

7. Legal requirements: Dissolution of partnership may or may not require legal formalities, depending on the terms of the partnership agreement, while dissolution of partnership firm typically requires legal formalities, such as filing the appropriate documents with the relevant authorities.

8. Continuing liability: In dissolution of partnership, the partners may continue to be liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership, depending on the terms of the partnership agreement, while in dissolution of partnership firm, the partners are typically not liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership once the assets have been distributed or sold.

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