E-commerce Solved Question Paper 2021 PDF GU -[Gauhati University B.Com 4th Sem(Hons.)]

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Gauhati University B.Com 4th Sem(Hons.) E-commerce Solved Question Paper 2021

E-Commerce Solved Question Paper 2021 

COMMERCE 

(Skill Enhancement Course)

Full Marks: 50 

(Time: Two hours)

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

Paper: COM-SEC-4014 (E-Commerce)

GROUP – A

Marks: 26

1. Answer the following questions:                           1×6=6

(a)   What is an electronic market?

Ans:- An electronic market, also known as an e-market or online marketplace, refers to a virtual platform or website where buyers and sellers can engage in electronic commerce. It facilitates online transactions, enabling individuals, businesses, and organizations to buy and sell goods, services, or information electronically.

(b)  India has enacted the first IT Act in the year 2000.

(c)   WWW means World Wide Web.

(d)  Mozilla Firefox is an example of web browser.

(e)  HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

(f) "Homepage."is the first page of a web site.

2. Answer the following questions:           2×5=10

(a)       What are the two advantages of E-commerce over traditional commerce?

Ans:- The two advantages of e-commerce over traditional commerce are:

1. Global Reach: E-commerce allows businesses to reach a global customer base. With the internet as the platform, geographical barriers are overcome, and businesses can sell their products or services to customers worldwide. This opens up new market opportunities and increases the potential customer base for businesses.

2. Convenience and Accessibility: E-commerce provides convenience and accessibility to both businesses and customers. Customers can shop anytime, anywhere, without the constraints of physical store hours. They can browse products, compare prices, and make purchases with just a few clicks. For businesses, e-commerce eliminates the need for a physical store and reduces operational costs associated with maintaining a brick-and-mortar establishment.

(b)       List any two examples of E-commerce.

Ans:- Two examples of e-commerce are:

1. Amazon: Amazon is an online marketplace where customers can purchase a wide range of products, including electronics, books, clothing, and more. It operates globally and offers both physical goods and digital products.

2. eBay: eBay is an online auction and shopping website where individuals and businesses can buy and sell a variety of products. It facilitates both consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer transactions.

(c)       What is Digital Certificate?

Ans:- A digital certificate is a digital document that verifies the identity of an entity, such as a website or an individual, and enables secure communication over the internet. It is issued by a trusted third-party called a Certificate Authority (CA). Digital certificates use cryptographic techniques to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the information exchanged between parties.

(d)       Write any two technical disadvantages of E-commerce.

Ans:- Two technical disadvantages of e-commerce are:

1. Security Risks: E-commerce transactions involve the exchange of sensitive information, such as credit card details and personal data. This makes e-commerce susceptible to security risks, such as hacking, data breaches, and identity theft. Ensuring robust security measures and encryption is crucial to protect customer information.

2. Technical Infrastructure Requirements: E-commerce relies heavily on a stable and efficient technical infrastructure, including servers, networks, and databases. Maintaining and managing the required infrastructure can be complex and costly, particularly for small businesses. Technical issues, such as server downtime or slow website performance, can negatively impact the customer experience and result in lost sales.

(e)       How is e-mail useful for E-commerce?

Ans:- Email is useful for e-commerce in the following ways:

1. Communication: Email allows businesses to communicate with customers effectively. They can send order confirmations, shipping notifications, and customer support responses via email. It provides a direct and cost-effective means of communication, keeping customers informed about their purchases and addressing their queries.

2. Marketing and Promotion: E-commerce businesses can use email marketing campaigns to reach out to existing and potential customers. They can send personalized offers, product recommendations, and newsletters to engage customers, promote new products, and drive sales. Email marketing can be highly targeted and tailored to individual customer preferences.

Also Read: 

• GU E-commerce Question Paper 2021
• GU E-commerce Question Paper 2022
• GU E-commerce Question Paper 2023
• GU E-commerce Solved Paper 2021
• GU E-commerce Solved Paper 2022
• GU E-commerce Solved Paper 2023

3. Answer any two of the following questions:                    5×2=10

(a)       What are the features of E-commerce?

Ans:- Features of E-commerce:

1. Online Presence: E-commerce enables businesses to establish an online presence, allowing them to showcase and sell their products or services through a website or online platform.

2. Global Reach: E-commerce breaks down geographical barriers, allowing businesses to reach customers across the globe. It eliminates the need for physical stores, enabling businesses to expand their customer base and operate on a global scale.

3. 24/7 Availability: Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar stores with limited operating hours, e-commerce websites are accessible 24/7. Customers can browse and make purchases at their convenience, increasing accessibility and convenience for both businesses and customers.

4. Product Catalog: E-commerce platforms provide a comprehensive product catalog that can be easily updated and managed. Businesses can showcase detailed product information, images, pricing, and customer reviews to assist buyers in making informed decisions.

5. Secure Transactions: E-commerce incorporates secure payment gateways and encryption technologies to ensure safe and secure online transactions. This builds trust among customers and encourages them to make purchases online.

6. Personalization and Recommendations: E-commerce platforms can gather and analyze customer data to personalize the shopping experience. By utilizing algorithms and machine learning, businesses can provide personalized product recommendations, offers, and discounts based on customer preferences and browsing history.

7. Customer Feedback and Reviews: E-commerce platforms often include customer feedback and review sections. This allows customers to share their experiences, ratings, and reviews, which can influence the buying decisions of other potential customers.

8. Order Tracking and Customer Support: E-commerce provides features for order tracking, allowing customers to monitor the progress of their purchases. Additionally, online customer support through chatbots, emails, or live chats can address customer queries and concerns promptly.

(b)       What are the different types of E-commerce Model?

Ans:- Different types of E-commerce Models:

1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): This model involves transactions between businesses and individual consumers. It is the most common type of e-commerce, where businesses sell products or services directly to end-users.

2. Business-to-Business (B2B): B2B e-commerce refers to transactions between businesses. It involves the exchange of goods, services, or information between two or more businesses. Examples include wholesalers selling products to retailers or a software company providing services to another company.

3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): In C2C e-commerce, individuals sell products or services directly to other individuals through online platforms. These platforms act as intermediaries, facilitating transactions between individual sellers and buyers. Popular examples include online classifieds, auction websites, and peer-to-peer sharing platforms.

4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B): C2B e-commerce involves individual consumers offering products or services to businesses. This model is common in freelancing platforms, where individuals provide their skills or expertise to businesses on a project basis.

5. Business-to-Government (B2G): B2G e-commerce refers to transactions between businesses and governmental organizations. It involves businesses providing goods, services, or information to government entities. Examples include companies bidding on government contracts or providing services to government agencies.

6. Government-to-Business (G2B): G2B e-commerce involves government entities providing goods, services, or information to businesses. This model is commonly seen in scenarios where businesses need to obtain licenses, permits, or submit proposals to government organizations.

7. Mobile Commerce (m-commerce): M-commerce refers to e-commerce transactions conducted through mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. It enables users to make purchases, conduct financial transactions, and access online services on-the-go.

(c)       Briefly explain the various electronic payment systems.

Ans:-  Electronic payment systems refer to the methods and technologies used to facilitate financial transactions through electronic means. These systems have gained popularity due to their convenience, speed, and security. Here are some common types of electronic payment systems:

1. Credit and Debit Cards: These are widely used electronic payment methods. Customers can make purchases by swiping or inserting their cards into card readers, and the payment is processed electronically. The transaction is authorized by entering a PIN or providing a signature.

2. Online Banking: Many banks offer online banking services that allow customers to transfer funds, pay bills, and make purchases online. Customers can access their accounts through secure websites or mobile applications.

3. Mobile Payment Systems: With the rise of smartphones, mobile payment systems have become popular. They enable users to make payments through their mobile devices using applications like Apple Pay, Google Pay, or Samsung Pay. These systems use near-field communication (NFC) or QR codes to facilitate transactions.

4. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT): EFT systems enable the transfer of funds between bank accounts electronically. This can be done through various channels such as Automated Clearing Houses (ACH), wire transfers, or direct deposit.

5. Digital Wallets: Digital wallets store users' payment information securely and allow them to make payments through their mobile devices or online. Examples include PayPal, Venmo, and Alipay. They often use encryption and tokenization to protect sensitive data.

6. Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum operate on decentralized networks called blockchains. They enable peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries such as banks. Cryptocurrencies use cryptographic techniques to secure transactions and maintain the integrity of the blockchain.

(d)       What are common types of encryption?

Ans:- Encryption is a process of converting data into a form that is unintelligible to unauthorized individuals, ensuring its confidentiality and integrity. Various types of encryption algorithms and methods exist. Here are some common types of encryption:

1. Symmetric Encryption: Also known as secret-key encryption, symmetric encryption uses a single key for both the encryption and decryption processes. The same key is used to encode and decode the data. Examples of symmetric encryption algorithms include Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES).

2. Asymmetric Encryption: Asymmetric encryption, also called public-key encryption, uses a pair of mathematically related keys: a public key and a private key. The public key is used for encryption, while the private key is used for decryption. This method allows secure communication without the need for a shared secret key. Popular asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).

3. Hash Functions: Hash functions are one-way algorithms that convert input data into a fixed-length string of characters. They are commonly used for data integrity and digital signatures. A hash function generates a unique hash value for each unique input, making it highly unlikely for two different inputs to produce the same hash value. Common hash functions include MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256.

4. Transport Layer Security (TLS): TLS is a cryptographic protocol used to secure communication over networks. It provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data transmission. TLS is commonly used to secure web traffic (HTTPS) and other network protocols.

5. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): VPNs use encryption protocols to create secure tunnels over public networks, such as the internet. They provide privacy and data security for remote users accessing corporate networks or individuals seeking to protect their online activities. Common VPN protocols include IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) and OpenVPN.

GROUP – B

Marks: 24

4. Answer any three of the following questions:           8×3=24

(a)       What are the different technologies used in E-commerce?

Ans:-  E-commerce, or electronic commerce, utilizes a variety of technologies to facilitate online buying and selling. Here are some of the key technologies used in e-commerce:

1. Website Development: Building a user-friendly and visually appealing website is crucial for e-commerce. Technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and content management systems (e.g., WordPress, Magento) are commonly used to create and maintain e-commerce websites.

2. Shopping Cart Software: Shopping cart software allows customers to select products, add them to a virtual shopping cart, and proceed to checkout. It typically involves technologies like PHP, JavaScript, and databases (e.g., MySQL) to store and manage customer information and order details.

3. Payment Gateways: Payment gateways enable secure online transactions by facilitating the transfer of funds between customers and merchants. Popular payment gateway providers include PayPal, Stripe, and Braintree. These systems employ encryption protocols and APIs to ensure secure payment processing.

4. Inventory Management Systems: E-commerce businesses often use inventory management systems to track and manage their product inventory. These systems use technologies such as databases, barcode scanning, and real-time data synchronization to maintain accurate stock levels.

5. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM systems help businesses manage customer interactions and data. They store customer information, purchase history, and provide tools for customer support and marketing. Salesforce, HubSpot, and Zoho CRM are examples of popular CRM platforms.

6. Logistics and Shipping Solutions: E-commerce relies on efficient shipping and logistics. Technologies such as order management systems, shipping APIs, and tracking software enable businesses to manage shipping, track packages, and provide shipping updates to customers.

7. Data Analytics: E-commerce businesses utilize data analytics tools to gain insights into customer behavior, preferences, and buying patterns. These tools analyze data collected from various sources, including website traffic, customer interactions, and purchase history.

(b)       Briefly explain the main categories of E-commerce.

Ans:- The main categories of e-commerce are as follows:

1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): B2C e-commerce refers to transactions conducted between businesses and individual consumers. It involves online retailers selling products or services directly to customers, such as buying clothes from an online fashion store or ordering electronics from an e-commerce platform.

2. Business-to-Business (B2B): B2B e-commerce involves transactions between businesses. It encompasses online sales of goods or services from one business to another. Examples include a manufacturer purchasing raw materials from a supplier through an online portal or a company outsourcing its IT services to another business.

3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): C2C e-commerce involves individuals buying and selling products or services directly with each other through online platforms. These platforms act as intermediaries, connecting buyers and sellers. Popular examples include online classifieds, auction sites, and peer-to-peer marketplaces.

4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B): C2B e-commerce occurs when an individual or consumer offers products or services to businesses. This can include freelancers offering their skills and services through online platforms or individuals selling user-generated content to businesses.

5. Mobile Commerce (m-commerce): M-commerce refers to e-commerce transactions conducted through mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. It enables consumers to shop, make payments, and access online services on the go, using mobile apps or mobile-optimized websites.

6. Social Commerce: Social commerce combines e-commerce with social media platforms. It involves using social networks to discover, share, and purchase products or services. Social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook provide features that allow businesses to showcase and sell their products directly to users.

(c)       What are the key features of Information Technology Act, 2000? What are the relationship between Cyber Law and IT Act, 2000?

Ans:-  The key features of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act, 2000) in India are as follows:

1. Legal recognition of electronic records: The IT Act, 2000 provides legal recognition to electronic records and digital signatures, making them equivalent to paper documents and physical signatures in certain circumstances.

2. Digital signatures: The act establishes the framework for the use of digital signatures to authenticate electronic records and ensure their integrity.

3. Cybercrimes and offenses: The act defines various cybercrimes such as unauthorized access, hacking, computer fraud, identity theft, and the dissemination of obscene materials. It also prescribes penalties and punishments for these offenses.

4. Data protection and privacy: The act addresses issues related to data protection and privacy by introducing provisions for the collection, storage, and disclosure of sensitive personal information.

5. Regulation of Certifying Authorities: The act establishes a framework for the regulation and licensing of Certifying Authorities (CAs) who issue digital signatures and certificates.

6. Cyber Appellate Tribunal: The act provides for the establishment of a Cyber Appellate Tribunal to hear appeals against any order passed by the Adjudicating Officer.

The relationship between Cyber Law and the IT Act, 2000 is that the IT Act, 2000 is a specific legislation that falls under the broader umbrella of Cyber Law. Cyber Law encompasses a wide range of legal issues related to the use of computers, the internet, and digital technologies. The IT Act, 2000 is a crucial component of Cyber Law in India as it specifically deals with electronic records, digital signatures, cybercrimes, data protection, and other related aspects. It provides a legal framework to address various cyber-related offenses and regulate electronic transactions, thereby ensuring security and promoting trust in electronic communication and transactions.

(d)       What is e-payment? What are the different advantages and disadvantages of e-payment system?

Ans:- E-payment, also known as electronic payment, refers to the process of making financial transactions or transferring funds electronically, usually over the internet. It involves the use of digital methods to initiate, authorize, and complete the payment.

Advantages of e-payment systems:

1. Convenience: E-payments offer convenience by allowing users to make transactions anytime, anywhere, without the need for physical presence.

2. Speed: E-payment transactions are typically faster compared to traditional payment methods such as cheques or cash, as they can be processed in real-time or near real-time.

3. Cost-effective: E-payments can be more cost-effective for both consumers and businesses, as they eliminate the need for paper-based processes, physical infrastructure, and manual handling of transactions.

4. Enhanced security: E-payment systems often incorporate robust security measures such as encryption, authentication, and secure protocols, reducing the risks associated with theft or loss of cash.

Disadvantages of e-payment systems:

1. Security risks: Despite the security measures in place, e-payment systems are vulnerable to cyber threats such as hacking, identity theft, and fraud. Users need to be cautious and take appropriate security measures to protect their financial information.

2. Technical issues: E-payment systems rely on technological infrastructure, and any technical glitches or system failures can disrupt transactions and cause inconvenience to users.

3. Digital divide: E-payment systems require access to internet connectivity and digital devices, which may exclude individuals or communities with limited access to technology, creating a digital divide in terms of financial inclusion.

4. Dependency on electronic systems: E-payment systems are susceptible to disruptions caused by power outages, network failures, or cyber attacks, which can temporarily hinder transactions and access to funds.

(e)       What is the role of E-commerce applications in various industries like banking and insurance? What are the main advantages of online transaction?

Ans:- E-commerce applications play a significant role in various industries, including banking and insurance. Here's an overview of their role and the main advantages of online transactions in these sectors:

Role in Banking:

1. Convenience: E-commerce applications enable customers to perform banking activities conveniently from anywhere, at any time, without the need to visit physical branches.

2. Account Management: Users can access their bank accounts, view balances, transaction history, and manage their funds online through secure e-commerce platforms.

3. Fund Transfers: E-commerce applications facilitate seamless and instant transfer of funds between accounts, both within the same bank and across different banks.

4. Online Payments: Customers can make online payments for bills, loans, credit cards, and other financial services directly through e-commerce platforms.

5. Mobile Banking: E-commerce applications often include mobile banking features, allowing users to perform banking tasks using their smartphones or tablets.

Role in Insurance:

1. Policy Purchase and Renewal: E-commerce applications provide a platform for customers to research, compare, and purchase insurance policies online, eliminating the need for physical visits or lengthy paperwork.

2. Claims Processing: Customers can file insurance claims through e-commerce platforms, upload necessary documents electronically, and track the progress of their claims online.

3. Policy Information and Updates: E-commerce applications allow policyholders to access their insurance policy details, including coverage, premiums, and renewal dates, at their convenience.

4. Customer Support: E-commerce platforms offer customer support channels, such as live chat or online assistance, to address queries, provide guidance, and facilitate smoother interactions between insurance providers and policyholders.

Advantages of Online Transactions:

1. Accessibility and Convenience: Online transactions can be conducted anytime, anywhere, providing customers with 24/7 access to banking and insurance services.

2. Time-saving: E-commerce applications eliminate the need for physical visits to banks or insurance offices, saving customers valuable time and effort.

3. Cost-effective: Online transactions reduce the need for manual paperwork and operational costs, resulting in potential cost savings for both businesses and customers.

4. Faster Processing: Online transactions are generally processed more quickly than traditional methods, enabling faster fund transfers, policy purchases, and claims processing.

5. Enhanced Security: E-commerce platforms employ robust security measures to protect customer information and transactions, reducing the risks associated with physical documents or cash handling.

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