Get ASSEB/AHSEC HS 2nd Year Business Studies Chapterwise Solutions & Self-Study Notes
If you are preparing for the AHSEC Class 12 Business Studies 2026 Examination, then you're in the right place. This Post offers complete guidance, chapterwise notes, MCQs, important question banks, and textbook solutions—specially curated for the Assam State School Education Board (ASSEB) 2026 Syllabus.
We, the team of The Treasure Notes, have prepared Class 12 Business Studies Solutions based on the latest Assam Board curriculum and previous year exam trends. These materials are not only designed to simplify your preparation but also to boost your exam scores.
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📘 AHSEC Class 12 Business Studies Chapterwise Notes – 2026 Edition
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📝 AHSEC/ASSEB Class 12 Business Studies MCQ Bank – 2026 Exam
To help you with objective questions, we’ve also created a Chapter Wise MCQ Bank with:
🔥 Important Questions for AHSEC HS 2nd Year Business Studies (2026)
AHSEC CLASS 12 BUSINESS STUDIES IMPORTANT FOR EXAM
(Updated with Board Questions from 2010 to 2025)
Part - A: Principles and Function of Management
Unit – 1: Nature and Significance of Management
1). What is Management? (2007, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2023)
2). Explain the modern concept of management.
3). Mention features/characteristics/nature of Management. ( 2013, 2017)
4). What are the objectives of management? ( 2010, 2012, 2019, 2020, 2025)
5). Explain the importance of management.
6). “Management is a science and also an art”. Comment. Why is management not an exact science? ( 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2019)
7). “Is management becoming a profession”? Discuss in light of emerging trends. ( 2016, 2023)
8). Management is not considered as a full-fledged profession. Discuss. (2023)
9). Management is the art of getting things done. (2022)
10). Which function of management ensures work accomplishment according to plan? (2023)
11). Which function of management is considered as the base of all other functions? (2025)
12). Explain in brief “MANAGEMENT AS AN ACTIVITY”.
13). What are the features of managerial functions?
14). List out functions/ Elements of Management. ( 2018)
15). What is coordination? What are its features? Mention its importance. (2007, 2010, 2017, 2019, 2020)
16). What is the result of effective coordination? Distinguish between coordination and co-operation and coordination and control.
Unit – 2: Principles of Management
1). What are Management Principles? Mention the steps for deriving Management principles.
2). Write down the characteristics (Nature) of management principles. ( 2011, 2017)
3). Explain briefly the NEED/IMPORTANCE of management principles? Or Why proper understanding of management principles is necessary? (2018, 2019)
4). List out Fayol’s 14 general principles of management. (2007–2015, 2017, 2020)
5). Name the book authored by Henry Fayol on management. (2025)
6). Explain the concept of Scalar chain and Gang Plank.
7). Define Scientific Management. (2007)
8). Who introduced the concept of ‘differential piece-rate-wage system’? (2022)
9). What are the Objectives of Scientific Management?
10). What are the characteristics of Scientific Management?
11). What are the advantages and criticism of scientific management to the workers?
12). Explain the importance of principles of scientific management.
13). Explain Taylor’s principles of Scientific Management. ( 2025)
14). Discuss the principle of unity of command and unity of direction. (2023)
15). Distinguish between scientific management and general management. (2023)
16). Explain any three principles of scientific management. (2025)
17). Discuss five principles of management evolved by Henry Fayol. (2025)
18). Define the principle of unity of command. What can be the consequences if this principle is violated? ( 2013)
19). “Taylor’s principles of scientific management and Fayol’s principle of management are mutually complementary“. Do you agree? Considering the above statement, write a brief note on the similarities and dissimilarities between Taylor’s and Fayol’s contributions. (2016)
20). Write a detailed note on the contribution of FW Taylor and Henry Fayol.
Unit – 3: Business Environment
1). What is the business environment? Explain the features of the business environment. (2010)
2). Explain the importance of Business Environment. (2011)
3). State the features of the industrial policy 1991. Or Mention the changes initiated by the government of India since 1991. (2013)
4). Explain the impact of environment policy changes on business and industry after 1991. ( 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020)
5). What is “liberalisation”? Mention its process and objectives. (2010, 2016)
6). State the features of LPG model. (Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation) (2019)
7). Explain in detail various components of Business environment. (2007–2015, 2017, 2018)
8). Explain four strategies that are available to the managers to deal with the changing business environment.
9). What is disinvestment? (2023)
10). What is meant by money supply in the economy? (2024)
11). Write three important socio-cultural factors that affect business. (2024)
12). In which year was the Indian economy opened up? (2025)
13). Discuss the key components of the business environment. (2025)
14). Explain the economic reforms that have been initiated by the Govt. of India since 1991. (2024)
Unit – 4: Planning
1). Define planning.
2). State five features of Planning. (2011, 2015, 2017)
3). Explain the characteristics (Essentials) of a sound plan. (2008)
4). How does planning help co-ordination?
5). Discuss the importance of Planning. (2007, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016)
6). What is Planning Process? Discuss the process or steps in the process of Planning. (2007, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019)
7). Discuss the Limitations of Planning. (2010, 2015, 2018, 2022, 2023, 2025)
8). Why does planning fail sometimes in spite of the best efforts of management? Planning does not guarantee success.” Comment
9). What is planning premises? Explain its various types.
10). Explain the advantages of Laying down objectives and procedures. (2015)
11). What is policy? (2024)
12). Give an example of policy. (2024)
13). Mention any two features of planning. (2025)
14). Write the elements of planning premises. (2024)
15). Explain the features of an efficient planning process. (2024)
Unit – 5: Organising
1). What is Organising? Mention its nature or characteristics. ( 2010, 2015)
2). Discuss the steps of Organising. (2016, 2020, 2024)
3). Discuss various principles of organising.
4). Why is organising considered an important function of management? Give any six reasons. (2007, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2020)
5). What is an informal organization? (2022)
6). Outline three merits of divisional organizational structure. (2022)
7). What is formal organisation? Write advantages of formal organization. (2023)
8). Write the features of organising. (2024)
9). Write three important functions of top-level management. (2024)
10). Write three factors of the primary market. (2024)
Unit – 6: Staffing
1). What is Staffing? Discuss the features and importance of staffing. (2007, 2010, 2016, 2020)
2). What are the steps involved in the staffing process? Explain briefly. (2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2024, 2025)
3). What is Orientation? (2022)
4). What is recruitment? Explain its process.
5). What is meant by apprenticeship training? (2023)
6). What is the internal source of recruitment? Mention its merits and demerits. (2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020)
7). What is an external source of recruitment? Mention its merits and demerits. ( 2012, 2014)
8). Write five external sources of recruitment. (2024)
9). What do you mean by Selection? Briefly describe the steps in the selection process?
10). What is training, Education and development? Discuss any two advantages of training and development to the organization and to the employees? ( 2012, 2020)
11). What do you mean by on-the-job training? Mention its various methods. (2011, 2017)
12). What do you mean by off-the-job method of training? Enumerate various methods of off-the-job training. (2016, 2018, 2020)
13). Differentiate between training, education and development on the basis of purpose and focus. (2016)
14). Write three differences between training and development. (2023)
15). Briefly explain three internal sources of recruitment. (2023)
16). Differentiate between internal and external source of recruitment.
17). Differentiate between Recruitment and Selection. (2007, 2015, 2018, 2020)
Unit – 7: Directing
1). What is directing? Discuss the various Principles of Directing. (2015, 2018)
2). Mention the features and importance of directing. (2011)
3). What is Supervision? Discuss in brief the functions of a Supervisor. ( 2010, 2011, 2016, 2020)
4). State two importance of supervision. (2016,2020,2025)
5). What is Motivation? Explain its features and importance. (2012, 2013, 2014, 2025)
6). Who proposed the “Need Theory” of motivation? (2022)
7). Discuss five monetary/financial Incentives.
8). State financial and non-financial incentives. (2013, 2017)
9). State five non-monetary incentives.
10). Define Leadership. Mention its importance. What are the essential qualities of a Leader? (2010, 2012, 2013, 2016)
11). Explain two qualities of a leader. (2025)
12). Discuss various types of leadership styles.
13). “All managers are leaders but all leaders are not managers.” Distinguish between Leadership and Management.
14). Define Communication. Explain its process and purpose. (2025)
15). What is communication? Explain the different barriers to effective communication. (2023, 2025)
16). Discuss the Importance of Communication. (2012)
17). Write three features of formal communication. (2024)
18). What is grapevine communication associated with? (2025)
19). What is formal and informal communication? State three advantages and two limitations of each. (2007, 2014)
20). Distinguish between Formal communication and Informal communication. (2015)
21). Distinguish between oral and written communication.
22). Explain various forms of business communication.
Unit – 8: Controlling
1). What is controlling? Explain its nature or Characteristics.
2). Discuss the importance and limitations of controlling. ( 2011, 2012, 2015)
3). What is deviation in controlling? (2024)
4). Write any two importance of control. (2025)
5). Explain briefly the various steps in the process of control. ( 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2025)
6). What is the role of budget in a plan? (2023)
7). Describe in brief the essentials of an effective control system (Any Five). (2007, 2014, 2017, 2020)
Part - B: Business Finance and Marketing
Unit – 9(a): Business Finance
1). What are various types of financial decisions or finance functions? Explain them briefly. (2016, 2017, 2020)
2). What is dividend decision? What are the factors affecting dividend decision of a company? (2012, 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025)
3). What is fixed capital? Explain its importance. Explain briefly five factors determining the amount of fixed capital. (2015, 2018)
4). What is meant by Working capital? How is it calculated? Discuss five determinants of working capital requirements. (2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2025)
5). Mention the need and importance of Working Capital. (2015)
6). Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital. (2015, 2018)
7). Mention various role and functions of a Finance Manager. (2014, 2017)
8). What is financial planning? What are its three aspects? Mention its objectives and importance. (2015, 2017, 2018, 2020)
9). “To avoid the problem of shortage and surplus of funds, what is required in financial management?” Name the concept and explain four points of importance. (Financial Planning) (2015)
10). Distinguish between financial planning and financial management.
11). What is the significance of a dividend decision? (2024)
12). Mention any two factors affecting working capital. (2025)
13). What is the other name of a long-term investment decision? (2023, 2025)
14). What is the treasury bill? (2023)
15). What are the different sources of working capital? (2023, 2024)
16). Discuss any eight factors to be considered while determining working capital requirements. (2024)
Unit – 9(b): Financial Markets
1). What is the financial market? What are its components? Mention its functions. (2015)
2). What is the money market? Explain its nature and functions. (2015, 2018, 2020)
3). Explain the various Money market instruments. (2013, 2015, 2017, 2023, 2025)
4). What is the Capital Market? What are its components? Explain its importance. (2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020)
5). Distinguish between Capital market and Money market. (2012, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020)
6). What is the primary and secondary market? State four differences between them. (2013, 2014, 2017)
7). What is the stock exchange? Mention its features. “Stock exchange is the barometer of the economy” – discuss. (2012, 2013, 2016, 2020)
8). Explain the services provided by Stock Exchanges.
9). “SEBI is the watchdog of the securities market” – Do you agree? Give four reasons to support your Answer. (2013, 2014, 2018, 2020, 2023)
10). Explain various modes of raising capital in the Primary Market.
11). Mention various types of operators in the stock exchange.
12). Write three features of OTCEI. (2022)
13). Write five features of the capital market. (2024)
14). Write five functions of the money market. (2024)
15). Write five regulatory functions of SEBI. (2023)
Unit – 10: Marketing Management
1). What is Marketing? What are the important features of Marketing?
2). What are various functions of Marketing? (2012, 2014, 2018, 2020, 2025)
3). Differentiate between Marketing and Selling. Or Selling is Product oriented and Marketing is Customer oriented – Explain. (2014, 2017, 2024)
4). Write a brief note on traditional and modern marketing concepts.
5). What is the marketing mix? What are its elements (4 P’s)? What are its features? (2012, 2013, 2017)
6). Explain 4 P’s of Marketing Mix or various elements of marketing mix. (2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2019, 2025)
7). What is the product? What are its features? Mention its various classes. (2017)
8). What is the price and pricing mix? Explain the factors determining fixation of price. (2012–2015, 2019, 2025)
9). What is Branding? Write the characteristics of good brand name. What are its advantages? (2016)
10). What is a labeling? What are its functions?
11). What is meant by Packaging? Explain its functions and importance. (2013, 2016, 2018)
12). What is the promotion mix? Mention its various dimensions or elements? Also explain them. (2015)
13). What is advertising? Explain its role and Limitations. (2012, 2013, 2014)
14). What is personal selling? What are its features? What are the qualities of a good salesman? Explain the importance of personal selling to customers. (2016)
15). What is Sales Promotion? Mention its merits and demerits.
16). Explain sales promotion techniques/Models: (a) Rebate (b) Product combination (c) Lucky Draw (d) Contest (e) Discounts (2012)
17). Differentiate between advertising and personal selling. (2019)
18). Distinguish between advertising and publicity. (2018, 2020, 2023)
19). Distinguish between advertising and Sales Promotion.
20). What is a Trademark? (2022)
21). Write five advantages of branding. (2022)
22). Give two significance of packaging. (2024)
23). Give an example of a specialty product. (2025)
Unit – 11: Consumer Protection
1). Explain briefly the meaning of “consumer” with reference to Consumer Protection Act 1986. Who cannot be considered as a consumer?
2). Define consumer protection? What are the salient features and objectives of the Consumer Protection Act?
3). Who can file a complaint under the CP Act 1986 and under what circumstances? What are the features of a “Complaint”? (2019)
4). How Complaints are filed? What are the remedies/reliefs available to consumers under the Consumer Protection Act 1986? (2016, 2017, 2020)
5). Explain in brief rights and Responsibilities of consumers as provided under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. (2012, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2024)
6). Write two rights of a consumer. (2022)
7). Write two responsibilities of a consumer. (2024, 2025)
8). Explain any three rights of consumers in India. (2025)
9). Explain the significance of the concept called 'consumer welfare'. (2023)
10). Explain the importance of the Consumer Protection Act from the point of view of the consumer. (2014, 2018)
11). Explain the need/importance for consumer protection from the point of view of business. (2013, 2016)
12). Explain the role of consumer organisations and NGOs. (2023)
13). What type of judicial machinery is there to deal with consumer grievances and disputes?
14). Enumerate the various acts passed by the Government of India which helps in protecting the interest of the consumers.
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🙋♂️ Frequently Asked Questions
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Ans: There’s effectively no difference between AHSEC and ASSEB Business Studies Notes anymore. As of September 13, 2024, the Assam government merged the Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) into the newly formed Assam State School Education Board (ASSEB), with AHSEC becoming its Division‑II
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