AHSEC Class 12: Education 2016 Solved Question Paper

Get the AHSEC Class 12 Education 2016 solved question paper with detailed answers. Perfect for HS 2nd Year exam preparation and revision.

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AHSEC Class 12: Education 2016 Solved Question Paper

H.S 2nd year Education Question Paper Solution'2016

AHSEC Class 12 Education Question Paper

Full Marks: 100

 Pass Marks: 30

Time: 3 hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions    

1.  Answer the following questions :

(a) Question: “Destiny of India is now shaped in her classroom.” This statement was given by which commission?

Answer: This statement was given by the Kothari Commission (1964-66).

(b) Question: The distance between teacher and student is an important characteristic of which type of education?

Answer: It is a characteristic of distance education.

(c) Question: On which date is ‘World Environment Day’ observed?

Answer: It is observed on 5th June.

(d) Question: What was the original name of the present Cotton Collegiate School?

Answer: The original name was Cotton English School.

(e) Question: Swimming is possible because of which type of memory?

Answer: Swimming is possible because of muscle memory.

(f) Question: What are the three important functions of mental hygiene?

Answer: The three functions are preventive, curative, and educative.

Give answer in one sentence:

(g) Question: Who took the initiative to formulate the ‘National Policy on Education, 1986’?

Answer: The initiative was taken by Rajiv Gandhi.

(h) Question: What is the name of the first open university of Assam (write the full name)?

Answer: The first open university of Assam is Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University (KKHSOU).

(i) Question: Who introduced the concept of Population Education?

Answer: The concept of Population Education was introduced by UNESCO.

(j) Question: Mention one social quality of a mentally healthy person.

Answer: One social quality of a mentally healthy person is empathy.

(k) Question: What is the formula for finding the mean using the ‘assumed mean method’?

Answer: The formula is:

Where:

  • A = Assumed mean

  • f = Frequency

  • d = Deviation of each observation from A

(l) Question: From a batch of 15 students who appeared for an examination, 5 students failed. The marks of the successful students are: 40, 58, 48, 66, 78, 60, 70, 55, 44, 72. Calculate the median.

Answer:

  1. Arrange marks in ascending order: 40, 44, 48, 55, 58, 60, 66, 70, 72, 78

  2. Total number of successful students = 10 (even number).

  3. Median = Average of 5th and 6th terms = 58+60/2=59.

Median = 59.

2. Question: Mention two suggestions given by Mudaliar Commission for the development of leadership qualities among students.

Answer:

  1. Encouragement of extracurricular activities like debates, sports, and cultural programs.

  2. Introduction of student self-governance bodies in schools to promote democratic values and leadership.

3. Question: What does it mean by ‘National System of Education’?

Answer: A National System of Education means a unified education system that provides equal opportunities to all, irrespective of caste, creed, location, or gender, while maintaining a common core of essential knowledge.

Or


Question: Write the structure of Secondary Education as suggested by Kothari Commission.

Answer:

  1. A 10+2+3 pattern was suggested, dividing education into three levels:

    • 10 years of general education.

    • 2 years of senior secondary education.

    • 3 years of higher education.

  2. Emphasis on diversified courses at the secondary level to cater to different talents and abilities.

4. Question: Mention two changes brought in the secondary education system in Assam on the basis of recommendations of Mudaliar Commission.

Answer:

  1. Introduction of a multipurpose school system offering vocational and technical education.

  2. Strengthening of school infrastructure, including libraries and laboratories.

5. Question: Mention two groups of people who may benefit from Non-formal Education.

Answer:

  1. Working adults who wish to continue their education while maintaining their jobs.

  2. Dropouts and out-of-school children who need flexible learning opportunities.

OR


Question: Mention two merits of Open Education.

Answer:

  1. Flexibility: Learners can study at their own pace and time.

  2. Inclusivity: Provides opportunities to those unable to attend formal education, such as working professionals or people in remote areas.

6. Question: Mention two characteristics of Environmental Education.

Answer:

  1. It is interdisciplinary, integrating knowledge from various subjects to address environmental issues.

  2. It emphasizes awareness and action, encouraging learners to actively participate in solving environmental problems.

7. Question: Mention two laws of use and disuse of learning.

Answer:

  1. Law of Use: The more a skill or knowledge is used, the stronger it becomes.

  2. Law of Disuse: Skills or knowledge that are not used tend to weaken over time.

8. Question: “There is no place for creativity in memory.” Explain.

Answer: Memory involves the retention and recall of previously learned information, which primarily focuses on reproduction rather than creating new ideas, thus limiting creativity.

OR

Question: “Nita has learned the first poem from her book. But after learning the second poem, she forgot the first one.” Give the psychological reason.

Answer: This is an example of retroactive interference, where new learning interferes with the retention or recall of previously learned material.

9. Question: “Volitional attention may create interest.” Give an example and explain.

Answer:

Example: A student initially pays attention to a difficult math topic out of obligation but gradually develops an interest as they understand its applications.

Explanation: Volitional attention involves focusing on a task deliberately, which over time may lead to genuine interest in the subject matter.

10. Question: “Mental health is a relative concept.” Give reasons.

Answer: Mental health depends on individual circumstances, societal norms, and cultural expectations. What is considered mentally healthy behavior in one context may not be so in another.

11. Question: Explain the relationship between mental health and physical health.

Answer: Mental health and physical health are interdependent. Poor mental health can lead to physical ailments (e.g., stress causing heart disease), while good physical health supports emotional well-being.

12. Question: What is Mode? The mean of a distribution is 25, and the Median is 30. Find out the Mode.

Answer:

Mode: The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Using the formula: Mode=3×Median−2×Mean

Mode=3×30−2×25=90−50=40 

Mode = 40.

13. Question: What is Median? Write two demerits of Median.

Answer:

Median: The middle value in a dataset when arranged in ascending or descending order.

Demerits:

  1. It is not affected by the extreme values, which may lead to less precise representation.

  2. It is not suitable for further algebraic calculations.

14. Question: Mention four defects of Secondary Education in India as pointed out by Mudaliar Commission of 1952-53.

Answer:

  1. Overemphasis on theoretical knowledge and neglect of practical skills.

  2. Lack of proper infrastructure and trained teachers.

  3. Overcrowded classrooms and inadequate student-teacher ratio.

  4. Examination-focused education system.

15. Question: What were the suggestions made by Kothari Commission to relate productivity and education?

Answer:

  1. Introduction of vocational and technical education.

  2. Emphasis on work experience and linking education to community development.

16. Question: Discuss four measures to impart Environmental Education in educational institutions.

Answer:

  1. Include environmental topics in the curriculum.

  2. Organize field visits to natural habitats.

  3. Conduct awareness campaigns and projects on sustainability.

  4. Promote eco-clubs in schools and colleges.

OR


Question: Explain the importance of women empowerment.

Answer: Women empowerment ensures gender equality, promotes societal progress, and enhances the decision-making capacity of women in both personal and professional spheres.

17. Question: Distinguish between learning and maturation.

Answer:

  • Learning: Acquiring knowledge or skills through experience or education.

  • Maturation: Biological and developmental changes that occur naturally over time.

18. Question: What is insight? Mention three characteristics of insightful learning.

Answer:

Insight: A sudden realization or understanding of a problem's solution.

Characteristics:

  1. Involves understanding relationships between elements of a problem.

  2. The solution appears suddenly rather than through trial and error.

  3. Retention and application of the solution are strong.

19. Question: How is learning possible through trial and error? Explain with an example.

Answer:

Learning through trial and error involves trying multiple solutions until success is achieved.

Example: A child trying different shapes to fit into a shape sorter learns the correct match after repeated attempts.

OR

Question: What are the bearings of conditioning in classroom learning?

Answer: Conditioning helps in reinforcing positive behavior (e.g., rewarding students for good performance) and discouraging undesirable behavior (e.g., introducing consequences for disruptive actions).

20. “Absence of attention indicates absence of interest.” Discuss.

Ans:- Answer:

Attention and interest are interrelated psychological phenomena. Attention refers to focusing on a particular stimulus, while interest is the emotional or intellectual engagement with that stimulus. The statement implies that when a person is not paying attention, it is because they lack interest. However, while interest usually leads to attention, there are exceptions:

  1. Support for the Statement:

    • When a student finds a subject fascinating, they are naturally attentive, actively listening or observing, and engaging in the topic.

    • Similarly, an employee working on a project they are passionate about tends to give it undivided attention.

  2. Contradictions:

    • Attention may waver due to external factors like fatigue, distractions, or stress, even if interest exists. For example, a student interested in history may fail to focus during a lecture due to tiredness.

    • Conversely, forced attention (volitional attention) can create interest over time, as seen when a person begins a task reluctantly but develops curiosity as they progress.

  3. Conclusion:
    Absence of attention often indicates a lack of interest but not always. A teacher or facilitator should identify whether the lack of attention stems from disinterest or external factors and adapt strategies accordingly, such as making the subject matter more engaging or reducing distractions.

21. “A mentally healthy person is also in need of mental hygiene.”

Ans:- Answer:

Mental hygiene refers to the practices and habits that promote mental well-being and prevent mental illnesses. Even a mentally healthy person requires mental hygiene for the following reasons:

  1. Prevention of Stress and Anxiety:
    Life is dynamic, and situations like work pressure, personal conflicts, or sudden challenges can lead to stress. Mental hygiene practices, such as relaxation techniques or mindfulness, help prevent these stresses from escalating into mental health issues.

  2. Maintenance of Emotional Balance:
    A mentally healthy person faces various emotions daily. Mental hygiene ensures emotional regulation, helping them cope with negative emotions like anger, frustration, or sadness effectively.

  3. Sustainability of Positive Relationships:
    Good mental hygiene includes communication skills, empathy, and active listening, which foster strong personal and professional relationships.

  4. Adaptability to Change:
    Change is inevitable, and maintaining mental hygiene equips individuals with the resilience and flexibility needed to adapt to new environments or life circumstances.

  5. Long-term Benefits:
    Regular practices like exercise, social engagement, and setting realistic goals contribute to maintaining mental health over a lifetime.

In conclusion, just as physical fitness requires regular exercise, mental fitness requires continuous mental hygiene practices, even for a mentally healthy person.

22. Distinguish between histogram and polygon.

Answer:

Aspect

Histogram

Polygon

Definition

A histogram is a bar graph that represents data in adjacent rectangles proportional to class frequencies.

A polygon is a line graph that connects the midpoints of class intervals to represent data trends.

Shape

The graph consists of rectangular bars with no gaps between them.

The graph is a continuous line connecting points and may form an open or closed shape.

Axis Representation

X-axis represents the class intervals, and Y-axis represents the corresponding frequencies.

X-axis represents the class intervals, and Y-axis represents the frequencies at their midpoints.

Connection

Bars are adjacent but not connected by lines.

Points are connected with straight lines, forming a continuous graph.

Use Case

Histograms are used for showing the frequency distribution of grouped data visually.

Polygons are used for showing trends, comparisons, or patterns in frequency data.

Comparison Feature

Provides a clearer view of the frequency magnitude of each class.

Provides a better understanding of changes or trends in data over intervals.

23. Represent the following data of students enrolled in a primary school by pi diagram :

Class

No. of Students

I

60

II

55

III

45

IV

40

Answer:-

The pie chart above visually represents the distribution of students enrolled in four primary school classes (I, II, III, and IV). Each slice of the chart corresponds to a class, and the size of the slice indicates the proportion of students in that class relative to the total.

  • Class I: 60 students (largest slice, representing the highest proportion).

  • Class II: 55 students (slightly smaller than Class I).

  • Class III: 45 students.

  • Class IV: 40 students (smallest slice, representing the lowest proportion).

24. Question: What is Non-formal Education? Discuss its characteristics.

Answer:

Non-formal Education refers to an organized educational activity outside the formal school system, designed to meet the needs of specific groups of learners. It is flexible and caters to individuals of all ages, often providing skills, knowledge, or values necessary for personal and community development.

Characteristics of Non-formal Education:

  1. Flexibility: The curriculum, teaching methods, and time schedules are adapted to the learners' needs.

  2. Learner-centered: Focuses on the needs and abilities of the learners rather than rigid, standardized content.

  3. Practical Orientation: Emphasizes skill development, vocational training, or problem-solving rather than theoretical knowledge.

  4. Inclusivity: Targets marginalized groups, such as dropouts, working professionals, or rural populations.

  5. Informal Atmosphere: Encourages active participation and peer learning in an informal environment.

  6. Low Cost: Often less expensive than formal education, making it accessible to economically disadvantaged groups.

OR

24. Question: What is Distance Education? Show your acquaintance with the nature of Distance Education.

Answer:

Distance Education is a mode of learning where teachers and students are separated by physical distance but connected through communication technologies. It allows learners to study without attending traditional classroom settings.

Nature of Distance Education:

  1. Flexible Learning: Students can learn at their own pace and convenience.

  2. Technology-driven: Utilizes tools like online platforms, video lectures, radio, or printed materials for delivering content.

  3. Self-directed: Learners are responsible for managing their study schedules and progress.

  4. Wide Accessibility: Reaches a larger audience, including those in remote areas, working individuals, or those unable to attend conventional schools.

  5. Cost-effective: Eliminates costs associated with travel and physical infrastructure.

  6. Interactive: Involves two-way communication through forums, emails, or live sessions to clarify doubts and promote engagement.

25. Question: What do you mean by Population Education? Mention four objectives of Population Education.

Answer:

Population Education is the study of population dynamics and its impact on the environment, economy, and quality of life. It aims to create awareness about the implications of population growth and equips individuals with the knowledge to make informed decisions.

Objectives of Population Education:

  1. Awareness Creation: To develop awareness of the causes and consequences of rapid population growth on resources and the environment.

  2. Promote Responsible Behavior: To encourage responsible family planning and reproductive health practices.

  3. Skill Development: To provide skills for analyzing population data and understanding its impact on development.

  4. Quality of Life Improvement: To educate individuals on the importance of balancing population and resources for sustainable living.

26. Question: Define memory. What are the marks of good memory?

Answer:

Memory is the mental ability to store, retain, and recall information or experiences. It is essential for learning, decision-making, and functioning in everyday life.

Marks of Good Memory:

  1. Accuracy: The ability to recall information correctly without distortion.

  2. Retention: Capacity to store information for a long period.

  3. Quick Recall: Speed with which stored information can be retrieved when needed.

  4. Association: Ability to connect new information with previously learned material for better understanding and recall.

  5. Recognition: Ease in identifying familiar stimuli or previously encountered information.

OR

26. Question: What is forgetting? Discuss four important causes of forgetting.

Answer:

Forgetting refers to the inability to recall or recognize previously learned information. It is a natural phenomenon influenced by various factors.

Four Important Causes of Forgetting:

  1. Decay Theory: Memory traces weaken over time due to disuse, making it harder to retrieve stored information.

  2. Interference:

    • Proactive interference: Old memories hinder the recall of new information.

    • Retroactive interference: New memories interfere with the recall of old information.

  3. Repression: Unpleasant or traumatic memories may be deliberately or unconsciously suppressed, leading to forgetting.

  4. Lack of Attention: Inadequate focus during learning prevents proper encoding of information, making retrieval difficult later.

In conclusion, understanding the mechanisms of memory and forgetting can help individuals develop strategies to improve learning and retention.

27. Find out Quartile Deviation from the following distribution table :

Class Interval

Frequency

85-89

3

80-84

7

75-79

10

70-74

8

65-69

12

60-64

10

55-59

6

50-54

4


N = 60

For Blind Candidates only

(In lieu of Question Nos. 1(k), 1(l), 12, 13, 22, 23 and 27)

Ans:- DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION

28. Answer the following questions in brief (any four) :

(a) Write a short note on vocationalization of Secondary Education.

Answer: Vocationalization of secondary education refers to the integration of vocational training with general education at the secondary school level. The primary goal is to provide students with practical skills and knowledge that will directly help them in securing jobs or further vocational training.

Key objectives include:

  • Preparing students for various trades like carpentry, computer science, tailoring, etc.

  • Enhancing employability by equipping students with job-ready skills.

  • Reducing unemployment by creating a skilled workforce.

  • Helping students make informed career choices early, which increases their job-readiness after completing secondary education.

(b) What are the objectives of Physical Education?

Answer: The objectives of physical education include:

  1. Physical Development: To enhance physical fitness, strength, and coordination.

  2. Mental Health: To promote mental well-being, reduce stress, and improve concentration.

  3. Social Skills: To foster teamwork, cooperation, and leadership.

  4. Character Building: To instill values such as fair play, discipline, and perseverance.

  5. Development of Personality: To improve self-esteem, confidence, and positive attitudes.

  6. Health Awareness: To educate students about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

(c) What is the educative value of the law of effect? Explain.

Answer: The Law of Effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, suggests that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated, while those followed by discomfort are less likely to be repeated. This principle has significant educational value:

  • Reinforces Positive Behavior: Encourages desirable behaviors in students by rewarding them, thus promoting repetition of such behaviors.

  • Promotes Effective Learning: Helps in shaping desired behavior by consistently reinforcing students with rewards for correct actions.

  • Enhances Motivation: Positive reinforcement (praise, rewards) motivates students to engage in desired behaviors.

  • Guidance for Teachers: Teachers can design learning environments where positive behaviors are consistently reinforced, fostering a conducive learning atmosphere.

(d) Distinguish between recall and recognition.

Answer: 

Distinguish between Recall and Recognition.

Aspect

Recall

Recognition

Definition

Retrieving information from memory without external cues.

Identifying information with the help of external cues.

Nature

Active process of searching memory.

Passive process of identifying the correct answer from options.

Example

Answering an open-ended question from memory.

Selecting the correct answer from multiple-choice questions.

Difficulty

Generally more difficult as it requires active recall.

Easier, as cues are provided to aid recognition.

Dependence on Cues

No external cues needed.

External cues are necessary to recognize information.

Cognitive Load

Requires more effort and concentration.

Requires less effort and is more automatic.

(e) Mention four characteristics of attention.

Answer: The four key characteristics of attention are:

  1. Intensity: The level of focus or concentration on a task. Higher intensity results in better attention.

  2. Duration: The length of time one can maintain focus. A longer duration of attention leads to better performance.

  3. Selectivity: Attention is selective, meaning individuals can focus on relevant stimuli while ignoring distractions.

  4. Shiftability: Attention can shift between tasks or stimuli, allowing individuals to adapt to changing environments or demands.

(f) Explain the scope of mental hygiene.

Answer:

[DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION]


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Also Explore: AHSEC Class 12 Education Important Notes


AHSEC Assam Board Class 12 Education Previous year Question Paper Solution


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