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Education Question Paper' 2017
AHSEC Class 12 Education Question Paper
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
Fill in the blanks (1x6 = 6 Marks):
a) Name the first secondary school in Assam.
Answer: Cotton Collegiate School.
b) _____ University is the first Open University in India.
Answer: Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU).
c) International Women’s Day is observed on _____.
Answer: 8th March.
d) Attention paid by students to study at the time of examination is _____ attention.
Answer: Focused attention.
e) Treatment of mental diseases is the _____ function of mental hygiene.
Answer: Therapeutic.
f) Satisfaction and practice are basic factors in _____ method teaching.
Answer: Learning by doing.
Answer in one sentence (1x6 = 6 Marks):
g) Mention one characteristic which distinguishes ‘Non-formal Education’ from ‘Formal Education’.
Answer: Non-formal Education is flexible in terms of curriculum, timing, and delivery methods.
h) Objectives of Environmental Education were determined in _____ conference.
Answer: Tbilisi Conference (1977).
i) Write a common characteristic of maturation and learning.
Answer: Both result in behavioral changes.
j) Why is recognition easier than recall?
Answer: Recognition is easier than recall because it provides cues that aid memory retrieval.
k) What is Mean? In a distribution ∑fx = 1480, N = 50, find the Mean of the distribution.
Answer: Mean is the arithmetic average of a distribution.
Mean=∑fxN=1480/50=29.6
l) Which is the positional measure of central tendency?
Answer: Median.
Answer the Following Question 2 Marks each.
2. What do you mean by ECCE?
Answer: ECCE stands for Early Childhood Care and Education, which focuses on the holistic development of children from birth to 8 years, including their physical, cognitive, emotional, and social well-being.
3. What were the suggestions forwarded by the Mudaliar Commission regarding ‘Development of Vocational Efficiency’ as an aim of secondary education?
Answer:
The Mudaliar Commission suggested:
Diversification of courses to include vocational and practical training.
Emphasis on developing skills for employment and self-sufficiency.
4. Why is ‘Non-formal Education’ considered as a supportive system of education?
Answer: Non-formal Education is considered supportive because it complements formal education by providing flexible, need-based, and learner-centric programs for individuals who cannot attend traditional schooling.
Or
‘Distance Education is a flexible system of education’ – explain.
Answer: Distance Education is flexible as it allows learners to study at their own pace, time, and place, making education accessible to those with time constraints or geographical barriers.
5. Write two important characteristics of correspondence education.
Answer:
Study materials are sent to students by mail or online, allowing self-paced learning.
Minimal face-to-face interaction, with a focus on independent study.
6. What is Population Education?
Answer: Population Education is the study of population dynamics, its impact on resources, and the environment, aimed at developing awareness and responsible attitudes towards population issues.
7. What is conditioned response? Which was the conditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment on conditioning?
Answer:
A conditioned response is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
In Pavlov’s experiment, the conditioned response was salivation in response to the sound of a bell.
8. Describe the two parts of ‘Law of Exercise’ of learning.
Answer:
Law of Use: Repetition strengthens the connection between stimulus and response.
Law of Disuse: Lack of practice weakens the connection between stimulus and response.
9. ‘Forgetting is a blessing’ – explain this statement.
Answer: Forgetting helps individuals move on from negative experiences, prevents the overload of unnecessary information, and allows the brain to focus on relevant and important memories.
10. What is ideational attention? Give an example.
Answer:
Ideational Attention is the focus of the mind on abstract ideas or concepts.
Example: Concentrating on solving a mathematical problem.
Or
Why is attention considered as an exploratory process?
Answer: Attention is considered exploratory because it helps individuals actively seek, analyze, and interpret information from their environment to understand and respond effectively.
11. Write two demerits of Mode as a measure of central tendency.
Answer:
It is not affected by all data points, which can make it less representative.
It may not be unique, as a dataset can have multiple modes.
12. What is the preventive function of mental hygiene?
Answer: The preventive function of mental hygiene involves promoting positive mental health practices, early detection, and intervention to prevent the onset of mental illnesses.
13. What is Quartile Deviation? In a distribution Q3 = 78.43 and Q1 = 61.44, find out the Quartile Deviation.
Answer:
Quartile Deviation measures the spread of the middle 50% of a dataset.
Formula: QD=Q3−Q1/2
Calculation:
QD=78.43−61.442=16.99/2=8.495
Quartile Deviation = 8.495.
Answer the Following Question 4 Marks each.
14. Four Provisions of ‘Assam Secondary Education Act, 1961’:
The Assam Secondary Education Act, 1961, was enacted to promote, regulate, and improve secondary education in Assam. The key provisions include:
Establishment of the Assam Board of Secondary Education (SEBA): The Act established SEBA to oversee the development and regulation of secondary education in the state.
Standardization of Syllabi and Examination: SEBA was tasked with formulating a unified syllabus and conducting public examinations for classes 10 (HSLC).
Recognition and Supervision of Schools: The Act empowered the Board to grant recognition to schools and ensure compliance with educational standards.
Encouragement of Regional Language: It emphasized the inclusion of Assamese and other regional languages as mediums of instruction to preserve cultural identity.
15. ‘Non-formal Education is based on democratic principles’ – Discuss:
Non-formal education (NFE) refers to organized educational activities outside the formal school system, designed to meet the needs of diverse groups. It embodies democratic principles in the following ways:
Flexibility: NFE provides learners the freedom to choose their learning pace, place, and content, ensuring inclusivity.
Equality: It focuses on reaching marginalized groups, promoting social equity by providing education to those who missed out on formal schooling.
Participatory Approach: Learners actively engage in the process, contributing their experiences, thereby promoting a collaborative environment.
Respect for Diversity: It accommodates various cultural, economic, and social backgrounds, fostering mutual respect and understanding.
By emphasizing equal opportunities, freedom of thought, and respect for individuality, NFE aligns with the principles of democracy.
16. What is physical education? Discuss three measures to impart Physical Education in schools.
Definition:
Physical education (PE) is an educational discipline focusing on physical activity, fitness, and the overall development of health, skills, and teamwork. It enhances physical, mental, and social well-being.
Measures to Impart PE in Schools:
Structured Curriculum: Schools should integrate PE as a compulsory subject in the curriculum, with specific goals for fitness, motor skills, and knowledge of health practices.
Qualified Instructors: Hiring trained physical education teachers ensures students receive professional guidance, encouraging safe and effective practices.
Facilities and Equipment: Providing adequate playgrounds, gymnasiums, and sports equipment promotes active participation and skill development.
These measures ensure holistic development, fostering discipline, teamwork, and a lifelong appreciation for physical activity.
17. What is value? Discuss briefly the importance of value education in the present society.
Definition:
Values are principles or standards of behavior that guide individuals in distinguishing right from wrong and shaping their character. Examples include honesty, empathy, respect, and responsibility.
Importance of Value Education:
Moral Development: Value education instills ethics and moral reasoning, helping individuals make fair and responsible decisions.
Social Harmony: It fosters understanding, tolerance, and empathy, reducing conflicts and promoting peaceful coexistence.
Empowerment for Challenges: In a rapidly changing world, values like adaptability, resilience, and critical thinking equip individuals to handle societal and personal challenges.
National Development: Value education nurtures responsible citizens, contributing to nation-building and collective progress.
Environmental Awareness: It cultivates respect for nature, encouraging sustainable practices and environmental stewardship.
In today's complex society, value education is essential for nurturing empathetic, responsible, and balanced individuals, ensuring a harmonious and progressive future
18. Discuss about four important areas within the scope of Environmental Education:
Environmental education (EE) focuses on fostering awareness and knowledge about environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices. Four important areas within its scope are:
Awareness of Environmental Problems:
EE helps individuals understand issues such as pollution, deforestation, climate change, and biodiversity loss, fostering a sense of responsibility.Conservation of Natural Resources:
Emphasis is placed on sustainable use of resources like water, soil, and forests, teaching methods for conservation and protection.Sustainable Development Practices:
EE encourages practices that meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs, focusing on renewable energy, waste management, and eco-friendly lifestyles.Community Participation:
Environmental education promotes active involvement of communities in local environmental initiatives, such as tree plantation drives and water conservation programs.
OR
What do you mean by ‘Women Empowerment’? Write three important objectives of ‘Women Empowerment’:
Definition:
Women empowerment refers to providing women with the tools, opportunities, and confidence to participate fully in society, make independent decisions, and achieve equality in all aspects of life.
Three Objectives of Women Empowerment:
Promoting Gender Equality: To eliminate discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for women in education, employment, and leadership roles.
Economic Independence: To enable women to participate in economic activities, achieve financial stability, and contribute to economic growth.
Social and Political Participation: To encourage active participation of women in societal and political processes, ensuring their voices are heard in decision-making.
19. What is learning by insight? Mention two limitations of this method of learning:
Definition:
Learning by insight is a cognitive learning process where an individual suddenly understands the relationship between different elements of a problem, leading to a solution. This method emphasizes understanding over rote learning and is often associated with "aha" moments.
Two Limitations:
Requires Prior Knowledge: Insightful learning depends on the learner's existing knowledge and experiences. Without a foundation, the process may not occur.
Not Always Applicable: Some problems, especially repetitive tasks or procedural work, may not be conducive to insightful solutions and require rote memorization instead.
20. Distinguish between True Memory and Habit Memory (in table):
21. Describe four objective conditions of attention:
Objective conditions of attention are external factors that influence a person’s focus and ability to concentrate. These include:
Intensity of Stimuli: Stronger stimuli (e.g., loud sounds, bright lights) attract more attention than weaker ones.
Contrast or Novelty: Unusual or contrasting elements in an environment draw immediate attention.
Movement: Objects in motion are more likely to capture attention than stationary ones.
Size and Position: Larger objects or those centrally positioned in the field of view attract more focus.
OR
“Attention and interest are two sides of the same coin” – Explain the statement:
This statement highlights the close relationship between attention and interest:
Interest Leads to Attention: We naturally pay more attention to things we find interesting because they engage our curiosity or emotions. For example, a student interested in music will focus more in a music class.
Attention Enhances Interest: When we pay attention to something, we often discover its intriguing aspects, which increases our interest.
Thus, attention and interest are interdependent. Without attention, interest fades, and without interest, attention is hard to sustain.
22. What is frequency? What are the different parts of a frequency distribution table?
Definition of Frequency:
Frequency refers to the number of times a specific observation or value occurs in a dataset.
Parts of a Frequency Distribution Table:
Class Intervals: The range of values grouped into categories (e.g., 10–20, 20–30).
Frequency: The count of observations in each class interval.
Cumulative Frequency: The running total of frequencies up to a certain class interval.
Midpoint (Class Mark): The average of the lower and upper limits of a class interval.
23. What is a bar diagram? What are its types? – Explain with example (draw):
Answer:- DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION
Or
Draw a histogram from the following distribution table (use graph) 4
Answer:DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION
24. Suggestions of Kothari Commission Regarding Aims of Secondary Education:
The Kothari Commission (1964-66), also known as the National Education Commission, provided several key recommendations for the development of secondary education in India. Below are the aims of secondary education as suggested by the Commission:
Universalization of Secondary Education:
The Commission proposed that secondary education should be made universally accessible. This would enable every child to complete secondary schooling, regardless of their socio-economic background, creating a more educated and skilled population.
Vocationalization of Secondary Education:
It recommended the introduction of vocational courses to allow students to gain practical and job-oriented skills. This would help in reducing the pressure on higher education and make students employable right after school, which is crucial for self-reliance and reducing unemployment.
Promotion of Social Integration:
The Commission emphasized that secondary education should promote social unity and integration. It recommended that the curriculum and teaching practices should eliminate distinctions based on caste, religion, and economic class, fostering a sense of equality and national integration.
Development of Democratic Values:
Secondary education was seen as a means to build a democratic society. The Commission suggested that education should cultivate democratic values like justice, equality, freedom, and respect for human rights, making students active and responsible citizens.
Scientific and Technological Progress:
The Commission advocated for the inclusion of scientific and technological education in secondary schools. This would prepare students to contribute to the nation's scientific progress and technological development, which are key for national growth.
Balanced Growth of Students:
It recommended that education should focus on the all-round development of students, addressing intellectual, physical, emotional, and moral growth. The curriculum should not only cover academic subjects but also sports, arts, and cultural activities to develop well-rounded individuals.
Or
Suggestions of National Education Policy, 1986 Regarding Secondary Education:
The National Education Policy (NEP), 1986, formulated by the Government of India, also laid down crucial guidelines for the development of secondary education. Some of the key suggestions regarding secondary education in the NEP, 1986, are:
Universalization of Secondary Education:
The NEP proposed the universalization of secondary education with an emphasis on making secondary education accessible to all children, particularly focusing on marginalized and rural populations. This would ensure that every child completes secondary education, thus contributing to greater educational equity.
Increased Focus on Vocational Education:
Similar to the Kothari Commission, the NEP also emphasized vocational education at the secondary level. The policy recommended offering vocational courses alongside academic subjects, to equip students with practical skills and increase their employability. Vocational training in areas like agriculture, industry, and commerce was encouraged.
Diversified Curriculum and Subject Choices:
The NEP recommended a flexible and diversified curriculum at the secondary level. It suggested offering a wide variety of subjects, such as arts, sciences, commerce, and vocational courses, so that students could choose according to their interests and career goals. This would help in catering to the varied needs of the students and give them the freedom to pursue areas that align with their strengths and aspirations.
Improvement in the Quality of Education:
The policy stressed improving the quality of education by ensuring that teachers were better trained and the curriculum was updated to reflect current knowledge. This would include the introduction of modern teaching methods and use of educational technology to enhance the learning experience.
Promoting Science and Technology Education:
The NEP emphasized the need to strengthen science and technology education at the secondary level to foster scientific temper and develop skills required for technological advancements. Special focus was given to integrating practical learning experiences in science education.
Promotion of Social and Moral Values:
The NEP highlighted the importance of developing social, moral, and ethical values in students through education. It suggested that schools should promote values such as national integration, secularism, democracy, and respect for cultural diversity to build a well-rounded personality.
Strengthening of the School-Community Linkage:
The policy encouraged greater involvement of the community in the educational process. It recommended creating stronger linkages between schools and local communities to enhance the relevance of education and make it more responsive to local needs.
25. What is Learning? Mention Four Major Characteristics of Learning.
Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, behaviors, or understanding through experience, study, or teaching. It involves a change in the learner’s behavior or understanding that is relatively permanent.
Four Major Characteristics of Learning:
Change in Behavior:
Learning leads to observable changes in behavior. This could be acquiring a new skill (like riding a bicycle) or modifying an attitude (such as developing a positive outlook toward teamwork).
Continuous Process:
Learning is a lifelong and continuous process. It does not stop after a particular stage in life, and one keeps learning new things, whether formally (in schools) or informally (through life experiences).
Active Participation:
Learning requires active engagement from the learner. It is not a passive process where information is just absorbed. Learners must be involved in activities such as practicing, reflecting, solving problems, and thinking critically to enhance understanding and retention.
Goal-Oriented:
Learning is usually directed towards achieving specific goals or outcomes. For example, learning a new language may aim at fluency or communication skills, while learning a particular skill (like coding) may aim at solving real-world problems or gaining employment.
These characteristics emphasize that learning is dynamic, interactive, and goal-driven, and it leads to tangible changes in behavior and understanding.
Or
What are the primary laws of learning? Discuss the application of any one of those laws in the class-room situation. 3+3=6
Answer:- Primary Laws of Learning and Classroom Application:
The primary laws of learning were proposed by Edward Thorndike. These laws explain the fundamental processes of how learning occurs and can be applied to enhance teaching. The major laws of learning are:
Law of Readiness: This law states that learning will be more effective when the learner is mentally and physically ready to learn. It is easier to teach a student who is prepared and motivated.
Law of Exercise: This law suggests that the more frequently a learner practices or rehearses a task, the better the retention of the learned material. Repetition strengthens the learning process.
Law of Effect: This law indicates that actions followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while actions followed by discomfort are less likely to be repeated. Positive reinforcement enhances learning.
Law of Primacy: This law suggests that the first learning experience is the most enduring and has a lasting impact.
Law of Intensity: According to this law, the more intense and vivid the learning experience, the more effective the learning. Real-life situations or hands-on learning help in better retention.
Application of the Law of Effect in the Classroom:
The Law of Effect can be effectively applied in the classroom by reinforcing positive behaviors and academic achievements. For example:
Positive Reinforcement: A teacher can use praise, rewards, or small incentives (like stickers, certificates, or verbal praise) for students who show good effort or improve in their performance. For instance, when a student answers a question correctly or completes an assignment on time, the teacher could acknowledge the effort publicly, making the student feel valued and motivated to continue this behavior. This creates a positive learning environment, encouraging students to engage actively and consistently.
By consistently rewarding desirable behaviors, students are more likely to repeat these behaviors, thereby enhancing their learning experience.
26. What do you mean by mental health? What are the characteristics of a mentally healthy person? – Discuss. 1+5=6
Answer:- Mental Health and Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person:
Mental Health refers to a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and behave. Mental health is essential at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. It influences how people handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.
Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person:
Emotional Stability:
A mentally healthy person can experience and express a range of emotions in a balanced way. They are not overly reactive or emotionally unstable, and they are able to handle stress without being overwhelmed.
Positive Relationships:
A mentally healthy individual can form and maintain positive relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. They understand and respect the feelings of others and communicate effectively.
Self-Awareness:
A mentally healthy person has a good understanding of their own strengths and weaknesses. They are aware of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and can make conscious efforts to improve their mental state.
Resilience:
Mentally healthy individuals are resilient. They can adapt to life's challenges and setbacks, learning from failures and overcoming obstacles without significant distress.
Purpose and Fulfillment:
They have a sense of purpose in life. Whether it is through work, personal goals, or social contributions, a mentally healthy person finds meaning and satisfaction in life.
27. What is Median? Compute Median from the following table: 1+5=6
Answer: DOWNLOAD PDF FOR COMPLETE SOLUTION
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