HS 12th Education Solved Question Paper 2014
Full Marks: 100, Pass Marks: 30
Time: 3 hours (Arts Stream)
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following questions:
(a) Fill in the blanks:
‘Assam Secondary Education Act’ was passed in 1961.
The name of the first Open University in India is Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University.
International Women Day is observed on 8th March.
According to Thorndike, "learning is a bond between stimulus and response."
Mental hygiene has three aspects: preventive, curative, and constructive.
In assumed mean method, AM is the midpoint of any class interval.
(b) Short answer in one sentence:
1) Which Education Commission suggested the 10+2+3 structure of education?
Answer: The Kothari Commission (1964-66).
2)Who introduced the concept of 'population education'?
Answer:UNESCO.
3) Which method of learning establishes a bond between natural tendency and artificial stimulus?
Answer:The Conditioning Method.
4) Why is recognition easier than recall?
Answer:Recognition involves identifying information from cues, while recall requires retrieving it without help.
5) "We attend to a small stain on a white wall." Why?
Answer:Due to the principle of contrast in perception.
6) write the formula for finding out median from group data.
Answer:
Where:
L = Lower boundary of the median class
N = Total frequency
CF =Cumulative frequency before the median class
f = Frequency of the median class
h = Class width
2. What is 'Operation Blackboard'?
Answer:Operation Blackboard was a government initiative launched in 1987 by the Ministry of Education in India to improve the quality of primary education in the country. The program aimed to provide basic facilities to all primary schools, including classrooms, blackboards, teaching materials, and at least two teachers per school, to ensure a better learning environment for students.
3. What does it mean by 'Vocationalization of Education'?
Answer:Vocationalization of education refers to the process of incorporating skill-based and job-oriented training into the educational curriculum. Its purpose is to equip students with practical skills and technical knowledge, making them employable in specific trades or professions after completing their education. It bridges the gap between education and employment, fostering economic growth and self-reliance.
4. Write a brief note on 'Assam Higher Secondary Education Council'.
Answer:The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) is the governing body responsible for regulating, supervising, and developing higher secondary education (Class 11 and 12) in Assam. Established in 1984, AHSEC oversees the curriculum, examinations, and certification for the Higher Secondary level. Its primary goal is to enhance the quality of education in Assam by implementing innovative educational policies and ensuring the smooth conduct of examinations.
5. What is ‘Distance Education’?
Answer:Distance education is a mode of learning where students and teachers are not physically present in the same location. It uses various communication technologies like online platforms, correspondence, video lectures, and virtual classrooms to deliver educational content. This method is especially beneficial for learners who cannot attend regular classes due to geographical, financial, or personal constraints.
6. Differentiate between over-learning and relearning.
Answer:
Or
Distinguish between 'trial and error' and 'insightful learning'.
Answer:
7. What is the span of memory?
Answer: The span of memory refers to the number of items a person can hold in their short-term memory at one time. It represents the capacity to retain and recall information briefly, usually ranging from 5 to 9 items, depending on the complexity of the information.
8. "Forgetting is a blessing." Explain.
Answer: The statement "Forgetting is a blessing" suggests that forgetting certain information can be helpful. It allows the brain to filter out unnecessary details, making room for more relevant information. Forgetting traumatic experiences or painful memories can also promote emotional healing and mental well-being.
9. What is transitory interest? Give an example.
Answer: Transitory interest refers to a temporary or short-lived interest that arises due to a fleeting stimulus, often influenced by external factors. An example would be someone becoming interested in a new fashion trend, but the interest fades once the novelty wears off.
Concept of Mental Hygiene:
Answer: Mental hygiene refers to practices and habits that promote good mental health and well-being. It involves engaging in activities like stress management, maintaining a balanced lifestyle, getting enough rest, and seeking help when needed, all of which prevent mental health issues and improve psychological functioning.
10. Mention two measures that a school can adopt to prevent mental health problems.
Answer:
Providing mental health education: Educating students about mental health, stress management, and coping techniques helps raise awareness and reduce stigma.
Creating a supportive environment: Offering counseling services, fostering open communication, and promoting a positive school culture can help prevent mental health problems.
11. Write two differences between polygon and histogram.
Answer:
12. What is mode? In a distribution, M = 35 and Mdn = 43, find out mode.
Answer: Mode is a measure of central tendency that represents the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
In a distribution, if the mean (M) and median (Mdn) are given, we can use the mode formula for a symmetric distribution or where the relationship between mean, median, and mode holds, such as:
13. Mention four major problems of secondary education in Assam.
Answer:
Inadequate Infrastructure: Many schools in Assam lack proper buildings, classrooms, and basic amenities, which impacts the quality of education.
Teacher Shortage and Poor Quality: There is a shortage of qualified teachers, and some teachers may lack proper training or motivation to improve their teaching methods.
Language Barrier: The medium of instruction in many schools is not in alignment with the local language or the students' linguistic background, creating difficulties in comprehension.
Dropout Rate: A significant number of students drop out before completing their secondary education due to factors such as poverty, family issues, and lack of awareness about the importance of education.
14. What are the suggestions made by the Kothari Commission to relate productivity with education?
Answer:
The Kothari Commission (1964-66) made several suggestions to relate productivity with education:
Curriculum Reform: The curriculum should be designed to include practical skills and vocational training alongside theoretical knowledge to improve students' productivity.
Focus on Science and Technology: Emphasis should be placed on the teaching of science and technology to prepare students for the modern workforce and enhance national productivity.
Vocational Education: Introduction of vocational courses in schools to equip students with job-ready skills that contribute to economic productivity.
Improving Teacher Quality: Teachers should be trained to focus on practical aspects of education, promoting productivity through better instruction and guidance.
15. What is the importance of environmental education? Explain.
Answer:
Environmental education is crucial for raising awareness about environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices. Its importance includes:
Awareness Building: It helps individuals understand environmental problems like pollution, deforestation, and climate change.
Sustainable Practices: It encourages sustainable living practices, helping people minimize their ecological footprint.
Responsibility: Promotes a sense of responsibility towards preserving natural resources for future generations.
Decision-Making: It enables individuals and communities to make informed decisions about environmental issues, leading to better policy and lifestyle choices.
16. Describe four measures for providing physical education in school.
Answer:
Dedicated Physical Education Periods: Schools should allocate specific time for physical education and ensure students participate regularly in physical activities.
Qualified PE Teachers: Employ qualified and trained physical education teachers to guide and promote physical fitness among students.
Sports Infrastructure: Schools should provide appropriate sports equipment, playgrounds, and facilities for various indoor and outdoor activities.
Promotion of Fitness Activities: Encourage fitness activities such as yoga, running, and team sports to improve overall physical health and well-being.
19. Explain the relationship between attention and interest.
Answer:
A frequency distribution table is a way to organize data by grouping it into intervals or categories and showing how often each interval or category appears. It helps in summarizing large amounts of data, making it easier to analyze and interpret.
Key Components of a Frequency Distribution Table:
Class Intervals: The intervals or categories into which data is grouped (e.g., 10-20, 21-30).
Frequency: The number of observations in each class interval.
Relative Frequency: The proportion of data points in each interval relative to the total data.
Cumulative Frequency: The running total of frequencies up to a certain point.
Purpose of Frequency Distribution:
Simplifies complex data.
Identifies patterns and trends.
Facilitates calculation of measures such as mean, median, mode, etc.
Example:
22. Draw a pie-diagram from the following data :
Calculation of Percentage of each Classes:
Calculation to Convert percentages into degrees for the pie chart:
PIE-DIAGRAM
Represent the following data by bar-diagram :
Answer:
23. What is Non-Formal Education?
Answer:- Non-formal education refers to organized educational activities that occur outside the formal school system. It is designed to provide learning opportunities for people of all ages, focusing on practical knowledge and skills that are not necessarily tied to a structured curriculum or classroom setting.
Characteristics of Non-Formal Education:
Flexible curriculum
Learner-centered approach
Often focuses on skill development, literacy, and vocational training
Includes community-based education, adult education, and lifelong learning programs
Accessible to individuals who might not be able to participate in formal education due to various constraints
Advantages:
Addresses the educational needs of marginalized groups
Provides practical and relevant skills for immediate application
Encourages lifelong learning
Examples:
Community education programs
Workshops and seminars
Online courses
Vocational training
24. What do you mean by Value Education?
Answer:- Value education is the process of teaching and learning about the values that help individuals develop moral and ethical behavior, social responsibility, and personal integrity. It aims to foster values such as honesty, empathy, responsibility, and respect among students.
Importance of Value Education:
Helps in character building
Promotes social harmony and national integration
Prepares students to become responsible citizens
Enhances moral and ethical decision-making
Measures for Imparting Value Education in Schools:
Integrating Values in the Curriculum: Subjects like literature, history, and social studies can include lessons that highlight moral and ethical values.
Role of Teachers: Teachers can model ethical behavior and encourage discussions on values in the classroom.
Co-curricular Activities: Activities like debates, storytelling, and community service projects can instill values in students.
Parental Involvement: Engaging parents in the value education process helps reinforce these lessons at home.
Creating a Positive School Environment: Schools can create a culture that promotes respect, tolerance, and cooperation among students.
25. What are the Primary Laws of Learning?
Answer:- The primary laws of learning, developed by educational psychologist Edward Thorndike, include:
Law of Readiness: Learning occurs when a person is ready to learn. If they are not ready, forcing learning can be ineffective.
Law of Exercise: Repeated practice and use of a skill or knowledge strengthen learning. Conversely, lack of practice can lead to forgetting.
Law of Effect: Responses followed by satisfaction (positive outcomes) are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by discomfort (negative outcomes) are less likely to recur.
Educational Significance of the Law of Effect:
Motivation and Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement (rewards, praise) encourages students to repeat desirable behaviors and improve performance.
Feedback: Providing immediate feedback helps students understand their mistakes and correct them, leading to better learning outcomes.
Classroom Management: Encouraging positive behavior through rewards can create a conducive learning environment and promote active participation.
This law emphasizes the importance of creating a positive and motivating learning atmosphere where students feel encouraged to learn and grow.
26. Find out quartile deviation from the following distribution table :
Solution:
27. Write briefly on (any four) :
(a) Mention five problems of secondary education in India as pointed out by the Mudaliar Commission.
Answer:
Lack of Proper Aims: The secondary education system lacked clear and specific objectives, which made it less effective in catering to individual and societal needs.
Overcrowded Curriculum: The curriculum was overloaded with too many subjects, leading to superficial learning rather than in-depth understanding.
Examination System: The emphasis on rote learning and marks in examinations ignored the overall development of students.
Teacher Quality: There was a shortage of well-trained and competent teachers, which affected the quality of education.
Neglect of Co-curricular Activities: Limited focus on co-curricular and extracurricular activities hindered the holistic development of students.
(b) Explain the concept of open education.
Answer:
Open education refers to a flexible system of learning that provides opportunities for education to all, irrespective of age, location, or prior qualifications.
Key Features:
Use of technology for learning (e.g., online courses).
Self-paced learning.
Availability of open educational resources (OERs).
Inclusion of diverse learners.
(c) Describe the objectives of women empowerment.
Answer:
Promoting Gender Equality: Ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women in all spheres of life.
Enhancing Education: Increasing access to education for women to promote literacy and skill development.
Economic Independence: Encouraging women's participation in the workforce and entrepreneurship.
Political Participation: Involving women in decision-making processes and governance.
Protection from Discrimination and Violence: Safeguarding women against gender-based violence and ensuring a safe environment.
(d) Mention the educative value of the ‘trial and error’ method of learning.
Answer:
Promotes Problem-Solving Skills: Encourages learners to analyze situations and find solutions.
Encourages Self-Reliance: Helps learners gain confidence through independent learning.
Facilitates Practical Knowledge: Provides real-world understanding through experiential learning.
Builds Perseverance: Develops patience and resilience to overcome challenges.
Enhances Creativity: Inspires learners to explore different approaches and innovate.
(e) Write five objective causes of attention.
Answer:
Intensity of Stimuli: Strong or vivid stimuli capture attention more easily (e.g., bright colors or loud sounds).
Contrast: A stimulus that stands out from its surroundings draws attention (e.g., a red object in a field of white).
Movement: Moving objects attract attention faster than stationary ones.
Novelty: New or unfamiliar stimuli are more likely to draw attention.
Repetition: Repeated exposure to a stimulus can grab and sustain attention.
(f) Discuss about five characteristics of memory.
Answer:
Retention: The ability to store information over a period of time.
Recall: The process of retrieving stored information when required.
Recognition: Identifying previously encountered information when presented again.
Reconstruction: Rebuilding memories by piecing together fragments of information.
Forgetting: The loss or inability to recall stored information, which occurs over time.
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